INTRODUCTION: Health Literacy (HL) is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand the basic health information and services needed to make informed health decisions.This study aimed to find out the level of health literacy, and factors effecting health literacy among students at the School of Health in Balýkesir University.
METHODS: The research was a descriptive study. The universe of the study comprised 1058 nursing and midwifery students studying at the School of Health in Balýkesir University 2016-2017 academic year. The sample consisted of 718 students who accepted to participate in the study. Data was collected by applying the soci-demographic form and healthy life behaviour scale. Frequency, percentage, chi-square, t test and one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used to analyse the results.
RESULTS: Mean score of TSOY-32 scale of the students was found as 26.48±16.54. Female students, midwifery students and fourth year students had higher TSOY-32 total points (p<0.01). It was found that the students had “problematic-limited health literacy level”.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was shown that students had “problematic-limited health literacy level. Students should be encouraged to understand the health literacy and practice it their daily life.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Cushing's Disease (CD) has high recurrence rate therefore clinical features predicting recurrence should be defined to discriminate patients with high risk. These factors can effect management and follow-up frequency.
Aim: We aimed to compare the clinical features of the patients with recurrent CD (RD) and sustained remission (SR) in order to determine clinical factors that might predict disease recurrence.

METHODS: Surgically treated 85 patients with CD were evaluated retrospectively. Preoperative diagnostic tests and postoperative disease activity were noted. Pituitary tumor size, invasiveness and features such as p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining data also postoperative cortisol axis recovery time were evaluated.
RESULTS: 16 RD and 54 SR patients were enrolled to the study. Preoperative ACTH but not cortisol levels were higher in RD group. RD patients had higher preoperative adenoma size and cavernous sinus invasion rate and Ki-67 index than SR group. Eleven (69%) patients with RD had early recovery time while 6 (11%) patients in SR group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Higher preoperative ACTH levels, tumor size, cavernous sinus invasion and Ki-67 immunostaining would predict recurrence in CD. Additionally, rapid recovery of cortisol axis was found to be related with recurrence.

INTRODUCTION: The family environment where children are protected and raised healthily, happily and securely may turn into an environment in which adverse experiences and destructive behaviours which affect all the members of a family emerge. The study has been carried out with the purpose of identifying the effect of traumatic experiences of mothers on the trauma of children.

METHODS: The study has been carried out on cleaning and caregiving staff having a child and working in a hospital in Eskisehir between 1 and 10 August 2017. The study has been completed with 100 voluntary person from the population. The data has been collected through “Descriptive Characteristics Form”, “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)”, and “Scale of Child Abuse in the Family B-Form (SCAF-B)” and analysed via IBM SPSS Version 21.0.
RESULTS: The mothers primarily experienced emotional abuse during childhood. The mothers mostly applied physical abuse on their children. As a result of the analysis between the scores of CTQ and SCAF-B, it has been identified that there is a statistically significant relation between the scores of two scales (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Mothers who were exposed to destructive behaviours during childhood have applied more destructive behaviours to their children.

INTRODUCTION: This study is conducted comparatively to evaluate the knowledge and practice of nurses applying biologically targeted therapy in the management of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
METHODS: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with volunteer nurses working in adult polyclinics and clinics of hospitals in Eskiþehir and Çankýrý provinces. The nurses who participated in the research were assigned to two groups: Group A; those who apply biological agents, Group B; those who do not apply biological agents. The data were collected using face-to-face interview method by means of individual identification form, biological agent application and information form. Data analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS 21 package program. Values of continuous variables are given as mean ± standard deviation, values of categorical variables are given as frequency and percentage. The relationship between the categorical variables was evaluated by chi square analysis.
RESULTS: The sample of the study consists of 204 nurses (Group A: %47,1; Group B: %52,9). Comparing to nurses of Group B, nurses of Group A are well informed about the following in the way that will create statistically significant difference: the cost of biological agents is high (p<0,001), some biological agents need to be stored according to the cold chain rule (p<0,001), the patients’ allergy story is the determining factor in the treatment (p=0,019), treatment related opportunistic infections may occur with biological agents (p=0,008).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, it was found that nurses of Group A, who had experience about biological agents and nurses of Group B, who had no experience and education in this regard mostly responded correctly to proposals related to biological agents.

INTRODUCTION: Brugada syndrome (BS) is a genetic disease with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Increased T wave alternans (TWA) and prolonged T wave peak to end (Tp-e) interval are linked to sudden cardiac death. In the present study, we investigated the role of TWA and Tp-e interval in BS.

METHODS: Thirteen BS and 11 controls were included. TWA and ECG were recorded. Patients and controls were followed for ventricular arrhythmias.
RESULTS: TWA study was negative in BS and controls. Tp-e interval was longer in BS than controls. Furthermore, during f/u all patients with ventricular arrhythmiashad Tp-e interval longer than 100 ms.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: TWA is an inappropriate test for BS, prolonger Tpe may be related to increased risk in BS patients.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) technique in patients with pediatric keratoconus.
METHODS: 33 eyes of 18 patients who were admitted to Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology for the treatment of progressive keratoconus under the age of 18 years who were admitted in 2015-2016 years and followed up at least one year were retrospectively evaluated. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness (CCT), thickness of thinnest location (TTL), keratometric values [simulated flat keratometry (K1), simulated step keratometry (K2), maximum corneal steepness (Kmax)] and corneal astigmatism (Cyl) values were assessed by Sirius topography preoperatively and in postoperative 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative examinations in terms of BCVA (p = 0.052). There was no statistically significant change in CCT and TTL findings during follow-up (p = 0.806, p = 0.063, respectively). It was seen that Sim K1, sim K2, Kmax and Cyl values were similar between preoperative and postoperative one year follow-up (p = 0.619, p = 0.661, p = 0.953, p = 0.311, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Transepithelial crosslinking treatment was observed to be easy to apply, comfortable and prevent progression in pediatric age group of keratoconus

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the body mass index (BMI), epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), accompanying diseases and differences in upper airway morphology and sleep structure in particular in patients with apnea- or hypopnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).
METHODS: Patients whose hypopnea ratio was more than 50% were taken to the hypopnea group and patients whose apnea ratio was more than 50% were taken to apnea group. BMI, ESS and polysomnography (PSG) parameters of the patients were recorded. Patients were screened for smoking habits, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary artery disease (CAD) and upper respiratory pathology in their anamnesis.
RESULTS: Hypertension rate was found to be significantly higher in hypopnea group than in apnea group (p = 0.021, p <0.05). Hypopnea group was found to have significantly higher Rapid Eye Movement (REM) rate than apnea group (p = 0.016, p <0.05). Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) was significantly higher in apnea group than in hypopnea group (p = 0.007; p <0.01). Supine AHI measurements were significantly higher in apnea group (p = 0.047, p <0.05). In terms of uvula, elongated uvula rate was found to be significantly higher in apnea group (p = 0.043; p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Apnea-predominant sleep apnea syndrome is more severe than hypopnea-predominant OSAS. Hypertension is more common in patients with hypopnea-predominant obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Subacromial impingement is a common shoulder disorder causes shoulder pain and limited quality of life. Through the development of arthroscopic surgery, shoulder arthroscopy has been implemented as a valid method for the treatment of subacromial impingement. In this study; patients who underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression for subacromial impingement were evaluated prospectively.
METHODS: In this study we evaluated 59 shoulders (31 left, 28 right) of 58 patients (39 female, 19 male) preoperatively and postoperatively with Constant score, UCLA score and VAS score. Mean age was 51.7 (25-74) years and the mean follow-up period was 28.6 (12-44) months.


RESULTS: Preoperatively the mean Constant score was 41 (34-56), VAS score (0-100) was 70 (60-90). Postoperatively the mean Constant score was 84 (75-95) and VAS score was 14 (0-30). For UCLA scoring 44 patients have excellent, 15 patients have good results.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic subacromial decompression is a successful surgical treatment option for subacromial impingement, in selected patients performed by an experienced surgeon.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is analysing the Dupuytren’s Contracture patients retrospectively who underwent partial fasciectomy.
METHODS: We analyze 20 patients retrospectively who underwent surgery between March 2012 to March 2016 at our department.
RESULTS: 14 patients were men (70%); 6 patients were women (30%) (Male / female ratio 2,33/1). The youngest one of patients was 23 years old and the oldest one was 78 years old. Mean age was 58,35 in men and 56,16 in women. 1 patients had bilateral hand involvement (5%) and 19 patients had one hand involvement(95%). 8(42,1%) of them were operated from the left hand; 11 of them (57,9%) were operated by the right hand. The mean measure of excision material is 26,5 mm ( min/max: 10-40 mm ). Mean follow-up is 30,65 month (11-50 month). There was recurrence in 2 patients (10%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Even in advanced cases, we believe that partial fasciectomy may be a safe and successful method for the treatment of Dupuytren Contracture.

INTRODUCTION: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is an effective method in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). In this study, we evaluated the results of the first 269 patients treated with RFCA of SVT in a our new arrythmia center
METHODS: 269 patients underwent RFCA for SVT between january 2013 and january 2016 were retrospectively evaluated in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, electrophysilogical findings and techniques, treatment methods, complications and one year follow-up data were recorded.
RESULTS: 269 patients (109 male) were evaluated in the study. Mean age was 47,74 ± 14.87. 196;35;18;20 patients underwent RFCA procedure for AVNRT;AVRT;AT;AFL, respectively. 3 patients had unsuccessful procedure (1 AT, 1 AVNRT, 1 AVRT). In 7 patients recurrences occurred ( 2 AT, 2 AVNRT, 2 AVRT,1 AFL) within 12 months after the ablation procedure.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: RFCA is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of SVT with an acceptable success rate and low complication rate. Our results are compatible with internatinal literature.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the success of semirigid (4.5 F) ureterorenoscopy in our clinic in the treatment of ureteric stones in children under 3 years of age
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 25 patients (12 female, 13 male) who underwent endoscopic ureteral stone treatment for ureteral stones between January 2012 and March 2017 in our clinic. There were unsuccessful Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy attempts before ureterorenoscopy treatment of the 7 patients with proximal ureteral stones. During the procedure 4.5 F semirigid ultrathin ureterorenoscopy and holmium: YAG laser as lithotripter were used. Evaluation of the stone-free status of the patients was made visually during the fragmentation and by urinal ultrasonography 1 week later.
RESULTS: 52.0% (n = 13) of the patients were male and 48% (n = 12) were female. The mean age was 2.08 ± 0.9 (range 1-3 years). 64% of the stones (n = 16) were located distally, 8% (n = 2) in the mid and 28% (n = 7) in the proximal ureter. The stones were in the left ureter in 76% of the patients (n = 19) and in the right ureter in 24% (n = 6). The stone-free rate after the first ureterorenoscopy procedure was 92% (23/25). Second ureterorenoscopy treatment was applied to 2 patients who had impacted stones in proximal ureter.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In endoscopic ureteral stone treatment with a 4.5 F ultrathin ureterorenoscopy can applied safely with high success and low complication rates even in very young patients.

INTRODUCTION: In numerous types of malignancy it is reported that high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of NLR in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer in our study.
METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2014, 40 patients with metastatic pancreas carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. The association of NLR with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.
RESULTS: Forty patients were included in this study. The median age of patients was 58.5 years (range 44–80 years) and the majority of patients were male (75.0%). High NLR (≥3.45) were obtained in 21 patients. NLR was a significant prognostic factor for both OS and PFS. The median OS for patients with high and normal NLR was 2.8 and 11.1 months, respectively (p <0.001). The median PFS for patients with high and normal NLR was 1.6 and 7.9 months, respectively (p <0.001). At the same time, PFS was significantly longer in male patients and those with a pancreatic head-located tumor.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High NLR is a predictor of shorter OS and PFS in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. These results should be confirmed by prospective studies and multivariate analyses including more patients and other prognostic factors.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) which is often diagnosed lately is an emergency. We present a 15 years old girl who is diagnosed as OSAS and juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG) with clinical and laboratuary findings to attract attention to the subject. Her polysomnography (PSG) result was consistent with severe OSAS (Apnea index 96.7/hour, apnea-hypopnea index 148/hour). MG was thought due to diurnal variation of muscle strength and increase of muscle weakness after exercise. Significant clinical response to pridostigmine supported diagnosis. After initiation BIPAP with mask during sleep, carbondioxide retantion decreased (pCO2: 46mmHg)

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the intake of foods containing gluten. it can create different clinic tables. Although it is usually diagnosed with typical findings in childhood, it may come with very different clinical tables in adulthood. While bloating, diarrhea after gluten intake and inability to gain weight are its typical findings, patient can admit with its atypical findings as joint pain, iron deficiency anemia, abnormal liver function test, infertility and abortus in women.It's prevalance is about 1-2 %. We present a case who was taken diagnosis of celiac disease when presented with ascites, icterus and general statement disorientation after IVF treatment.

Colchine is used in the treatment of different diseases such as attacks of gout arthritis, familial Mediterannean fever, Behçet disease. As colchicine is a anti-mitotic agent, the most side effects of oral colchicine ara gastrointestinal symtoms including diarrhea, nausea, vomitting and abdominal pain. The most serious effects include myelosuppresyon, myoneuropathy and multiple organ failure which are rare. This occurs with overdose or therapeutic dosing in patients with reduced clerance of colchicine due to renal insufficiency and hepatic dysfunction.

The tailgut is the most caudal part of the hindgut, it forms the distal part of the anus. It normally involutes by the eighth week of gestational age. If a tailgut rest proceeds, it may give rise to a tailgut cyst. Malign transformation of the tailgut cyst is very rare. Adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and sarcoma developing within the tailgut cyst has been reported in the literature. We present a case of neuroendocrin tumor which is arised from a tailgut cyst in a middle aged woman with its computed tomography (CT) imaging findings. A 35 year-old woman with a history of endometriosis admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. An ultrasonography (US) examination and contrast medium enhanced tomography of the abdomen and pelvis was performed. CT showed multiple well-defined solid heterojen masses in presacral space.The largest dimensions of the masses were 6.5x6x6.5 cm. The patient underwent surgery. Patology was reported as neuroendocrin tumor arising within tailgut cyst. It is usually detected as an asymptomatic mass in the presacral space between rectum and sacrum. Tailgut cyst is more common in female and usually presents in middle age(mean 35), but it can present at any age. Our patient was female and 35 years old. Discrimination of tailgut cyst from other presacral cysts is important because of the malignant potential of a tailgut cyst. Malign transformation is very rare. Adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma, and sarcoma developing within the tailgut cyst has been reported. In our case patology was reported as neuroendocrin tumor arising within tailgut cyst. It should be kept in mind the differential diagnosis of presacral masses because of the malignant potential of a tailgut cyst.

Primer central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) constitutes of less than 5% of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and the great majority is B-cell lymhomas. Patients may be came up with increased intracranial pressure, focal neurological signs, neuropsychiatric symptoms or eye symptoms in clinic. Central nervous system gliomas, metastatic tumors, demyelinating disorders, subacute infarcts and space-occupying lesions are among the differential diagnostics of PSSL. In this report, a patient who was admitted to emergency department with psychiatric findings and stroke-like findings, but after advanced examination and research who has got PSSL diagnosis, was presented. PSSL may be confronted with various clinical tables. It should be taken into account in the etiological evaluation of atypical psychiatric symptoms and strokes.