INTRODUCTION: In this study, the evaluation of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) intervention performed in 107 patients in our clinic is included.
METHODS: Between September 2001 and June 2004, PNL was applied to a total of 107 patients, 70 male, 27 female and 10 pediatric patients with a mean age of 38(5-76). Bilateral PNL was performed with an interval of 1 week in 1 patient and 1 month in 2 patients.
RESULTS: Of the renal units, 55 were lower pole, 18 were multipole, 25 were renal pelvis, 15 were upper pole, 32 were middle calyx group stones. The mean stone load of the renal units was 898mm² (100- 3000mm²). The mean surgery time was 97 (47-390) minutes. The mean hospital stay was 5 (2-15) days. The stone-free rate was 80.6% (117/145) for all localizations, and the stone-free rate was 93.1% (135/145) when residual stones less than 4 mm were considered clinically insignificant. Transfusion was applied to 4 patients postoperatively. Urinary drainage exceeding 24 hours occurred in 25 patients. Hydrohemothorax developed in 3 of the patients after PNL with intercostal access. Pleural fluid was drained from 2 patients, 1 patient was followed conservatively. Open nephrolithotomy was performed in 1 patient due to bleeding during nephrostomy. Septicemia developed in 2 patients in the postoperative period.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: PNL is a reliable method with a high stone-free rate and low morbidity. Complication rate may increase in patients with high stone burden and complex kidney stones.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a relationship between Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) score and N Terminal-Pro B type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-pro BNP) level in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF).
METHODS: Consecutive 125 patients who were diagnosed with decompensated CHF and whose nutritional status were evaluated using NRS-2002 score were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: NRS-2002 score <3 and NRS-2002 score ≥3. The patients with NRS-2002 score ≥3 were defined as malnutrition. After evaluation, the patients were followed up for one-year.
RESULTS: Of the 125 decompensated CHF patients, 93 (74.4 %) were in the NRS-2002 score ≥3 group and 32 (25.6%) were in the NRS-2002 score <3 group. Malnutrition rate was found 74.4% of the patients. The median NT-pro BNP level was 9327 (4927-15793) pg/mL in the NRS-2002 score ≥3 group and the median NT-pro BNP level was 3953 (2310-8939) pg/mL in NRS-2002 score <3 group. When the two groups were compared, median NT-pro BNP level was higher in NRS-2002 score≥3 group and this finding was statistically significant (p=0.005). During the one-year follow up period, 7 (21.9%) patients in NRS-2002 score<3 group and 28 (30.1 %) patients in NRS-2002 score≥3 group; total 35 (28%) patients died.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CHF is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. NT-pro BNP level was higher in NRS-2002 score≥3 group than NRS-2002 score<3 group in patients with decompensated CHF (p= 0.005).

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the depression, anxiety, and quality of life in gynecologic oncology patients.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients attending gynecologic oncology outpatient clinic from April to July 2021. A total of 372 patients were interviewed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
RESULTS: Of 372 patients, 40 were cervical cancer, 32 were ovarian cancer, 53 were endometrial cancer, and 247 were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Emotional function (72.06±25.93) was the most affected domain, whereas social function (86.33 ± 22.84) was least affected. Patients who reported a medical health problem, received no formal education, unemployed, and having a montly family income below poverty line had significantly lower QoL. Endometrial cancer was associated with a better QoL, while ovarian cancer patients had worse QoL. Receiving radiation and chemotherapy had significantly poor physical and social functioning (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between QoL and emotional distress on some socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and should be taken into consideration in interventions to improve QoL.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies with and without proteinuria with fetal growth restriction (FGR). As a result of this comparison, it is aimed to contribute to the need to take measures against adversely affected maternal and fetal problems.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, 50 pregnant women who were diagnosed with FGR were evaluated. In FGR groups with and without proteinuria; maternal and fetal parameters such as estimated fetal weight, abdominal circumference, doppler findings, oligohydramnios, neuroprotection rates, delivery time, APGAR score, need for neonatal intensive care unit, maternal hematological paremeters, development of preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery rate were compared.
RESULTS: The week of delivery was found earlier in pregnant women with proteinuria (p=0.02). Mean estimated fetal weight and mean birth weight were found to be lower in the group with proteinuria (p=0.03). Fetal neuroprotection was essential in 12 (39%) patients in the group with proteinuria and in 2 (10%) patients in the group without proteinuria (p=0.03). While there was an increase in uterine artery resistance in 15 (48%) patients in the proteinuria group, it was present in 2 (10%) patients in the non-proteinuria group (p=0.03). While preeclampsia developed in 18 (58%) patients in the proteinuria group, it developed in 1 (5%) patient in the non-proteinuria group (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The presence of proteinuria should be investigated in patients with fetal growth restriction. Patients with proteinuria seem to be at higher risk in terms of preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Migraine (M) and tension-type headaches (TTH) are the most common headaches among the whole population. These headaches can be influenced by hormonal changes and can start at any age, but frequency and the behavior of these headaches may change during pregnancy.
METHODS: In this study, the course of M and TTH during pregnancy is evaluated. 32 pregnant woman who have M and TTH before pregnancy are questionnaired prospectively by using the MIDAS scale and headache questionnaire in each 3 trimesters during pregnancy prospectively and retrospectively for pre-pregnant period.
RESULTS: In the migraine without aura (MWOA) group, the decrease in headache days (HD) was found to be statistically significant as pregnancy increased. (p: 0.0001). Although there was no statistical difference in terms of pain frequency between pregnancy and pre-pregnancy periods for the migraine with aura (MWA) group (p: 0.516), a decrease was observed in the number of headache attacks as the gestational week increased. When the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy periods were compared, although there was no statistical difference in the TTH group (p: 0.15), an increase in pain frequency was observed in the 1st and 3rd trimesters, especially in the 1st trimester.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: HDs in the MWOA group decreased significantly during pregnancy and this decrease was statistically and clinically significant. There was no statistical difference in terms of headache days between pre-pregnancy and pregnancy periods in the MWA and TTH groups.

INTRODUCTION: Covid 19 was first seen and identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and within a few months it quickly spread all over the world and became a pandemic.In this study, we aimed to determine the differences in laboratory parameters of pregnant women who were hospitalized in the ward and those who needed intensive care, and to compare the perinatal results between the two groups
METHODS: This study was carried out by retrospectively scanning the data of 134 Covid positive pregnant women hospitalized in the gynecology clinic March 2020 and June 2021.When these two groups of patients were diagnosed as Covid positive and decided to be admitted to the ward, laboratory parameters and perinatal results were compared.
RESULTS: Looking at these two groups, lymphocyte (Ly), urea (p<0.001), D-dimer (p=0.01), glucose (p<0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p<0.001), total protein (p< 0.001), albumin (p=0.001), C reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.001), ferritin (p<0.001) and procalcitonin (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher. Again, when the perinatal results of the two groups were compared, the gravide value (p=0.028), the incidence rate of additional diseases (pOctober0.006) were significantly higher in patients admitted to intensive care, while the median week of pregnancy was significantly lower (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There may be differences in the laboratory parameters of Covid positive pregnant women who need intensive care, even at first hospitalization. Also, in terms of perinatal outcomes, morbidity and mortality may be higher in pregnant women who need intensive care.

INTRODUCTION: Risk of the prostate cancer is associated with high insulin levels in circulation and insulin resistancy. There are some studies that suggested lower risk in diabetics due to decreased insulin levels. In this study we aimed assesment of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels in diabetic men age of 50 and over.
METHODS: 137 patients age over 50 years ( 67 case, 70 control) admitted to Duzce University School of Medicine outpatients clinic from March 2008 to Novenber 2008 have been included in this study. Case and control groups were divided three groups as their age. PSA values were compared between in these age groups. Moreover, case group were divided three groups as their diagnosed diabet time and these group’s PSA values were compared.
RESULTS: Serum mean PSA values of diabetic patients age of 50-59 years was 0.76 ± 0.35 ng/mL and it was found lower than same age group of non-diabetic patient’s serum PSA values (1.08 ± 0.75 ng/mL). Similary in age groups of 60-69 years, diabetic patient’s PSA values were found significiently lower than non-diabetic patient’s PSA values. Between over age of 70 years groups and between diagnosed time of diabet groups, serum PSA values were not found significiently different.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We found serum PSA levels sigificiently lower in diabetic groups than non-diabetic groups age of 50-59 years and 60-69 years. We couldn’t find istatically difference between PSA and diagnosed time of diabet. Consequently, prostate cancer risk may be lower in diabetic patients than non-diabetics.

INTRODUCTION: It was tried to determine the effect of the drug used before pregnancy and in relapse formation in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), on pregnancy, neonatal period and mother, its use before pregnancy and its discontinuation.
METHODS: This is a retrospective study obtained from patient data obtained from Derince Training and Research Hospital Neurology and Obstetrics clinics. As the patient group, 31 MS patients who applied to toneurology and gynecology clinics between 2012-2021 and 39 healthy pregnant women who gave birth as the control group were included. Sociodemographic data, use of immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) before and after pregnancy, recurrence, progression, obstetric data, comorbidities, hemogram parameters were evaluated. Pregnant women with MS who gave birth were compared with normal pregnant women perinatally and postnatally.
RESULTS: In the study, it was determined that the rate of single pregnancy was higher in MS patients; The rate of three or more pregnancies is higher in healthy pregnancies. It was observed that leukocyte (WBC) values of pregnant women with MS were lower. The rate of application of general anesthesia at birth in pregnant women with MS is higher than in healthy pregnant women. While preterm birth, low birth weight and staying in intensive care are not observed in healthy pregnant women; Premature birth, low birth weight and duration of stay in neonatal intensive care unit were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women with MS.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there was no statistical difference in the number of attacks during pregnancy and postpartum in MS patients, and this might be due to discontinuation of the drug used. Although the number of attacks in patients using interferon beta 1a and fingolimod drugs is higher than in pregnant women using other MS drugs, it does not make a statistical difference.

INTRODUCTION: The biggest problem in the treatment process of alcohol use disorder is the relapse of addiction. If the prognosis of patients can be predicted with an objective biomarker, individualized treatment and follow-up options will be beneficial in increasing the success of treatment. The aim of this study; to compare the NLR (neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio) and PLR (platelet / lymphocyte ratio) values of patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder with the healthy control group, to evaluate alcohol withdrawal severity, NLR and PLR as early prognostic markers.
METHODS: Our study included 39 patients with alcohol use disorder and 39 healthy individuals hospitalized in the inpatient service of AMATEM (Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment and Education Center). The patients were divided into 2 groups as relapse group and remission group according to their 3-month follow-up results. NLR and PLR values of patient and healthy groups, NLR, PLR and alcohol withdrawal severity values of relapse and remission groups were compared with each other.
RESULTS: Patients with alcohol use disorder had significantly higher mean NLR values than healthy controls (p: 0.001). NLR (p: 0.04) and withdrawal severity (p: 0.017) were significantly higher in the relapse group than in the remission group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There are studies showing that inflammatory markers increase in alcohol and substance use disorder. This study shows that NLR level is increased as an inflammatory marker in alcohol use disorder. It also suggests that the severity of alcohol withdrawal and high NLR levels may be an indicator associated with relapse.

INTRODUCTION: The presence of a minor and nonspecific symptoms, such as loss of smell and/or taste in patients, may be a stand-alone symptom for the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is critical to know the relationship between COVID-19 and loss of smell and/or taste. Especially in patients without major symptoms, acute loss of smell and/or taste will be beneficial not only for early diagnosis and isolation but also for preventing viral spread.
METHODS: In our research, a cohort study was conducted based on the olfactory loss measurement tool developed and validated for clinicians by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery.
RESULTS: In 40.4% of cases, the complaint of loss of smell and/or taste was determined to present itself before the diagnosis of COVID-19. It was found that the prevalence of loss of smell and/or taste did not differ significantly depending on gender and age groups.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, symptoms of loss of smell and taste in COVID-19 positive patients were observed at a significantly higher rate in line with the literature. Additionally, in terms of Otorhinolaryngology clinic, it can be expected that potential cases of loss of smell and/or taste due to COVID-19 will continue to be seen in the future. For this reason, it is particularly important to question the loss of smell and/or taste in all patients who apply to the outpatient clinic, and to pay attention during endoscopic examination and other procedures that carry a high risk in possible cases.

Biochemical processes occur in cellular compartments, called organelles, in eukaryotic cells. In addition to membrane-enclosed organelles, non-membrane bound structures, namely membraneless bodies, are also found in cells. These bodies are formed in nucleus or cytoplasm by liquid-liquid phase separation mechanism and ensure that biochemical processes take place rapidly and efficiently. Since, alterations have been detected in membraneless bodies in different disease groups, investigations about the structure and formation of bodies have been accelerated in recent years. In this review, the mechanism of formation and structures of membraneless bodies were summarized in physiological and pathological states.

INTRODUCTION: Coronary revascularization has a vital role in treating atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease. While coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is mainly performed using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with cardioplegic arrest, CABG has been started to be performed without using cardiopulmonary bypass (of-pCABG) since the mid-1990s. In high-risk patient and elderly patient groups, it has been reported that with of-pCABG, a decrease in the need for postoperative inotropes and the use of intra-aortic balloon pumps, a decrease in blood loss and blood transfusion, complications such as kidney failure, respiratory system problems, and atrial fibrillation, as well as mortality and morbidity are reduced. Additionally, off-pump CABG has also been shown to reduce the postoperative length of stay and hospital costs significantly.
METHODS: Data of 260 patients with isolated coronary artery bypass with the technique of Of-PCABG between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively examined. We wanted to share the cardiac stabilization and coronary artery control techniques we used during surgery. We have reported our early results.
RESULTS: While our in -hospital mortality rate was 3.0 %(8 patients), cerebrovascular disease was seen as 2.3 %(6 patients). The need for postoperative hemodialysis was 2.6 %(7 patients). The average stay in the intensive care unit was calculated as 2.3(±0.9) days, while the remaining time in the hospital was 9.7(±7.07) days.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We think that the of-pCABG technique, which is less invasive than the conservative CABG technique, can be applied with satisfactory results in multi-vessel diseases, patients with low EF, and comorbid patients (such as lung disease, chronic kidney disease, or failure).

INTRODUCTION: Warfarin is one of the most commonly used anticoagulant drugs. The most serious adverse effect is known as bleeding. We aimed to examine the relationship of warfarin with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage volume and mortality.
METHODS: 184 patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively screened and included in the study. The patients were divided into four groups as those who do not use anticoagulants, use warfarin, use aspirin, and use both warfarin and aspirin. The morbidity, demographic characteristics, cerebral hemorrhage volumes, hemorrhage locations and mortality of the patients were evaluated.
RESULTS: Increasing age of the patients, diabetes and dyslipidemia diseases were significantly associated with bleeding volume. (p<0.05) Intracerebral hemorrhages were most common in the thalamic and lobar regions. The group using warfarin had a higher bleeding volume than the group using both drugs and aspirin.(p<0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Warfarin use is associated with larger volume hemorrhage and higher mortality in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in our population. Difficulties in adjusting the dose of warfarin are due to its vulnerability to drug-food interactions and genetic differences. For this reason, more radical approaches should be developed for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage who have a history of warfarin use.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the stent patency rates of patients with symptomatic iliac artery stenosis or occlusion and revascularized with stent implantation in our clinic and to define the demographic, anatomical and procedural characteristics of the patients to assess the possible risks of stenosis in patients with restenosis.
METHODS: We included 58 patients who underwent stent implantation to iliac artery due to claudication that decreased the quality of life at Kocaeli University Cardiology Clinic. Loss of stent patency was defined as 2,4-fold increase in flow velocity in Doppler ultrasonography, demonstration of occlusion in contrast-enhanced angiography or >50% stenosis of vessel lumen. Demographic characteristics, lesion characteristics, procedural procedures and the amount of restenosis developed in follow-up and factors affecting restenosis were investigated retrospectively.
RESULTS: When the stent patency rates were compared according to the clinical and procedural characteristics of the patients; restenosis was not detected in 26 (89,6%) patients with common iliac artery stent implantation, in 8 (66,6%) patients with lesions involving main iliac and external iliac artery and in 15 (100%) patients with external iliac artery stenting (p=0,034). In addition, restenosis was not observed in 6 (54,5%) of the patients with multiple stenting and 43 (95,5%) of those who had single stent (p=0,002). There was no statistically significant difference in restenosis in terms of other parameters.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been shown that endovascular procedures can be safely used with high success rates as a strategy of revascularization in iliac artery stenosis, with or without a totally occluded lesion in each TASC group lesion.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1), which is a nuclear protein that is released from thyroid and lung tissue, and which plays a physiologic role in the development and morphogenesis of these organs during embryogenesis. TTF-1 is considered to have a tumor-suppressor gene function.The present study investigates the effects of TTF-1 on survival.
METHODS: Primary lung adenocarcinoma were reviewed retrospectively, and data regarding the patients’ age, gender, smoking history, TNM stage, pathological stage in operated patients, presence of EGFR-ALK mutations, and pathologic diagnosis were recorded. Dates of diagnosis and dates of death were also retrieved from the medical records. Patients were categorized into two groups as TTF-1 positive or negative.
RESULTS: Our analyses revealed no significant difference in the disease stage in patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma related to TTF positivity and negativity, although in line with the previous literature, TTF-1 positivity was found to be associated with better survival rates when analyzed irrespective of disease stage.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Currently, advances in grading systems and molecular typing in cases of lung adenocarcinoma have had positive outcomes on survival, both regarding treatment strategies and disease prognosis, and we believe the present study may contribute to literature through its contribution of the data collected at a thoracic oncology unit over a specified period. Future studies should be supported that enlighten the molecular mechanisms underlying poor prognosis and novel treatment options in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the socio-epidemiological data, preoperative and postoperative laboratory values, and imaging characteristics of patients with parathyroid disorders, as well as our clinic’s approaches to treat parathyroid diseases and their outcomes.
METHODS: This study included 200 patients who were treated for parathyroid diseases at Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery between 2013 and 2018. The clinical and laboratory data of these patients were retrospectively obtained from their medical records. The study included patients who were diagnosed with parathyroid disease and intended for surgical treatment.
RESULTS: Out of 200 patients enrolled by the study, 33 (16.5%) were male and 167 (83.5%) were female. The mean patient age was 51.76 (18-93) years. Parathyroid adenoma excision with unilateral surgical approach plus local exploration alone was performed for 128 (64%) patients without accompanying thyroid disease, bilateral total thyroidectomy for 41 of 45 (22.5%) patients with accompanying thyroid disease, and left completion thyroidectomy for the remainder 4 patients with accompanying thyroid disease. The pathological diagnosis was reported as parathyroid adenoma in 182 (91%) patients. The pathological diagnosis was in agreement with preoperative USG in 129 (75.6%) patients and scintigraphy in 110 (73.3%) patients. There occurred a significant decrease in the PTH levels measured intraoperatively, on the first postoperative day, and at the first postoperative month compared with the preoperatively elevated serum PTH level (p<0.001). The decrease in preoperatively elevated serum calcium level on the first postoperative day and at the first postoperative month were statistically significant (p<0.001). The increase in serum phosphorus level at the postoperative period was statistically significant (p<0.05). Postoperative complications occurred in 9 (4.5%) patients.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study showed that it is possible to perform surgery for parathyroid diseases with a very low complication rate, provided that an appropriate preoperative evaluation is performed and a careful exploration is carried out by experienced hands. In accordance with the current guidelines, surgical approach should become the preferred treatment method for the treatment of these disorders.

INTRODUCTION: It is a matter of debate whether the blood pressure values obtained by the oscillometric method, which is often used in neonatal intensive care units (NICU), correlate with intraarterial values. We aimed to compare systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure values measured by intraarterial and oscillometric methods;to determine which parameters cause difference if there is a significant difference.
METHODS: This prospective study included 20 premature newborns who were required umbilical artery catheterization during follow-up. 400 systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure values that are simultaneously measured by intraarterial and oscillometric method for five days and also simultaneous received medication (inotrope, sedative), respiratory support, nutritional status, gestational age, birth weight, arm circumference, surfactant, erythrocyte support, phototherapy intake, sepsis, the presence of antenatal risk factors, vital signs, sleep-wake status were recorded.
RESULTS: Oscillometric SBP was significantly higher than intraarterial SBP by 2.61±6.84 mmHg (p<0.001), oscillometric DBP was significantly lower by -2.41±7.94 mmHg compared to intraarterial DBP, and oscillometric MBP was significantly lower by -3.02±6.84 mmHg than intraarterial MBP values (p<0.001).Independent variables affecting the difference between oscillometric and intraarterial methods were sedative use for SBP (p=0.02 R2=0.33), inotrope intake, gestational week (p=0.005), body weight (p=0.001) and surfactant intake (p=0.014) for DBP (p=0.001).There were no independent variables affecting MBP.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A statistically significant difference was found between the oscillometric and the intraarterial method. Blood pressure measurement via umbilical catheterization should be preferred in sick newborns with poor general condition.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the utility of inflammation-based markers including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)/lymphocyte ratio (CLR), CRP/albumin ratio (CAR) and tumor markers (carbohydrate antigen 19-9 [CA19-9] and TNM stage) in predicting survival outcomes among patients with operated pancreatic cancer.
METHODS: A total of 54 patients with operated pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included in this retrospective study. Data on patient demographics, TNM stage at diagnosis, the inflammation-based markers (NLR, PLR, CLR and CAR) and CA 19-9 values within 1 month prior to diagnosis and the final survival outcome were recorded. Clinicopathological parameters and inflammation-based markers were evaluated with respect to overall survival (OS) time and mortality risk using univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses.
RESULTS: OS time was 13 months (95% CI 0.80 to 25.1 months) in the overall study population. Older age (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.42, p=0.019) and advanced T stage (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.06, p=0.033) were the only factors associated with increased risk of mortality in the univariate analysis, whereas multivariate analysis did not confirm their predictive role on survival (p=0.071 and p=0.083, respectively). None of tumor or inflammation-based markers including CA 19-9, NLR, PLR, CLR and CAR had significant impact on survival time or mortality risk.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings in patients with operated pancreatic adenocarcinoma revealed that none of the preoperatively determined inflammation-based marker ratios (i.e., NLR, PLR, CLR and CAR) or CA 19-9 had significant impact on survival outcome

Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a disorder characterized by the contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), which develops fibrous stripes, with clinical presentation of the head tilted towards the affected side and the face and jaw to the opposite side.
This is a case study of a 25-year-old male patient presenting with complaints of tension in the right side of their neck extending to the hand and an inability to move and correct the positioning of the head and neck or turn the head and neck towards the right side and the jaw towards the left side. Physical examination detected a palpable lesion extending along the right SCM in the form of a hard, painless and tense stripe.
The patient was diagnosed with CMT. Accordingly, the fibrous stripes detected in the distal right SCM adjacent to the sternum and the clavicle were excised by electrocautery, achieving unipolar release of the stripes. The patient was recommended neck exercises during the postoperative period, and after one year of follow-up, the patient had recovered from the functional and cosmetic problems in the head and neck.

INTRODUCTION: It was shown that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) might reduce cardiovascular (CV) morbi-mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Increased arterial stiffness has been shown to be an independent predictor of morbi-mortality in patients with CAD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CR on arterial stiffness by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), in patients with stable CAD.
METHODS: We enrolled 202 consecutive stable CAD out-patients who were referred for Phase III CR program by their physicians and 96 stable CAD out-patients who did not have accept CR program. CAVI was calculated by VaSera VS-1000 (Fukuda Denshi Co. Ltd, Tokyo). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Study population (298 patients) was divided into 3 equal percentile groups according to the difference of post-pre (Delta) CAVI values. Group 1: between 1-33 percentile [Delta CAVI ≥ (-0.5)]; Group 2: between 34-66 percentile [Delta CAVI <(-0.5) - ≥ (-1.3)]; Group 3: between 67-100 percentile [Delta CAVI < (-1.3)]. In multivariate analysis, it was shown that CAVI-pre (p: <0.001) and CR (p: <0.001) were independent predictors of Delta CAVI.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study showed that exercise-based CR improves arterial stiffness in patients with CAD.

INTRODUCTION: After Covid-19 pandemic, all the healthcare system components in the World must have been reorganized. In this extreme situation, there was a need for quick solutions. In this study, we researched the reconstruction with reconstruction plate of the lateral mandibular defect of six elderly patients and observed the functional outcomes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder of them.
METHODS: From August 2020 to May 2021, four male and two female patients underwent lateral segmental mandibulectomy with over 4 cm lenght. The defects were reconstructed with only reconstruction plate. At least 6 months postoperatively, TMJ function of all patients were evaluated using physical examination.
RESULTS: Mean age was 70 years. Bone defects were ranging 41 to 70 mm. According to Wilkes classification of TMJ internal derangement, the patients have been staged from 1 to 3 TMJ disorder on the ipsilateral side. On the contralateral side, all patients had only stage 1 TMJ disorder. We also did not find any correlation between the defect size and TMJ function. (p>0,05) All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Reconstrruction of the lateral mandibular defects with reconstruction plates do not cause serious problems at early postoperative period. “Wait and see” strategy of conservative management of the large lateral mandibular defects is preferable in a pandemic condition for elderly patients.