OBJECTIVE: The trauma cases of our city which is located near to a busy road junction were hospitalized for follow-up and treatment.
METHODS: Trauma patients treated and followed in our center for two years; age, gender, place of being traumatized, shape the development of trauma, type of injury, the affected organ system, the most frequently injured organs, and mortality rates of the patients required surgical intervention were analyzed.
RESULTS: Of the 328 patients 240 were males. Patients were examined in the three group; under 2 years old, 2-7 years old and over 7 years old. Traumas were often in places open to traffic. Others; home and school. 38% of the cases, out of vehicle, 11% vehicle accident, 31% presented with a fall from height. More common was blunt trauma; 64% of these had abdominal trauma. Head trauma was the second. Skeletal system, chest, genitourinary tract and anorectal region were others. Liver, spleen and lung exposed to trauma. 57 patients required surgical intervention. Twenty-two patients with head trauma died during treatment.
CONCLUSION: Children died as a result of trauma, injury of multiple organ and systems. Trauma centers should be established for this patients. 112 and emergency services should be strengthened in terms of technical equipment, knowledge and experience. Thus, the mortality rate can be reduced.

OBJECTIVE: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) plays an important role in prompt diagnosis of PRES and in distinguishing vasogenic edema from cytotoxic edema in the setting of cerebral ischemia. In this study our aim was to assess the prognostic utility and role of DWI in distinguishing cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in patients with PRES.
METHODS: Eight patients with PRES were examined with isotropic DWI. Four inclusion criteria were used: 1) Acute presentation with headache, seizure, visual changes, altered mental status, or focal neurologic signs; 2) the presence of a known risk factor for PRES, such as hypertension, eclampsia, antirejection therapy (eg. cyclosporine, tacrolimus); 3) absence of other likely causes of encephalopathy; 4) MR examination with findings consistent with PRES.
RESULTS: Four cases involved eclampsia; two, antirejection medication toxicity; one, hypertansive encephalopathy; and one, hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In all the patients there were T2 signal abnormalities in the posterior circulation territories. Anterior circulation structures were affected in 7 patients (87.5%). On DWI three of eight cases (37.5%) presented cytotoxic edema and the lesions were predominantly cortical in distribution. In two patients (25%) areas of high DWI signal intensity were seen with normal or slightly increased ADC values which were consistent with pseudonormalisation. Follow-up images in these two patients showed progression to infarction in pseudonormalised regions.
CONCLUSION: Vasogenic edema in PRES involves predominantly posterior circulation territories but anterior circulation structures are also frequently affected. High DWI signal intensity and pseudonormalised ADC values are associated with cerebral infarction and may represent the earliest sign of progression to cytotoxic edema.

OBJECTIVE: Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an important marker of platelet activity. It has been shown that MPV is increased in diabetic patients and associated with glycemic control. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to compare MPV in diabetic CKD patients with non-diabetic CKD patients and to investigate its relationship with glycemic indices.
METHODS: The study included 42 diabetic patients with stage 2-4 CKD (27 women, 15 men) and 53 non-diabetic patients (34 women, 19 men). Demographics, biochemical tests and blood pressures of subjects were recorded. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0.
RESULTS: Data analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), glucose, hemoglobinA1c, creatinine clearence, and MPV were higher in diabetic patients than without DM (P=0.010, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.017, and P=0.036, respectively). However, parathyroid hormone and serum creatinine were lower in diabetic patients than without DM (P=0.040 and P=0.015). MPV was positively correlate with BMI in the diabetic group (P=0.007).
CONCLUSION: MPV is increased in diabetic patients with CKD. Nonetheless, further prospective studies are needed to clarify MPV in CKD.

OBJECTIVE: An adolescent’s menstruation cycle can be a difficult time with its physical, psychological, and effects – these can be compounded when difficulties occur with periods. This study examined menstrual attitude and perception of health self-efficacy in adolescents.
METHODS: The research was conducted descriptively. Datas were collected from the 310 female students who study in Health Sciences Faculty in Turkey. When data collected, students’ socio-demographic information, including a questionnaire to questions related to menstrual characteristics, Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire and the Perceived Health Competence Scale were used. The data percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation analysis was performed when evaluation of the data.
RESULTS: The mean age of adolescent participants was 18.61±0.90; the mean age of menarche was 13.25±1.10. Adolescents’ average score was 88.27±11.46 on the Menstruation Attitude Scale and item average scores were found to be 2.84±0.36. Adolescents’ average score on the Health Self-Efficacy Scale was 24.90±6.19, with an item average score of 3.11±0.77. There is a significant relationship between the attitude of adolescents and menstrual health self-efficacy perception (r = 0.126, p = 0.026).
CONCLUSION: This study found that there is a positive relationship between menstrual attitudes of adolescents and menstrual health self-efficacy perceptions.

Bochdalek hernia is an uncommon variant of diaphragmatic hernias in adults and symptomatic cases even rarer and these cases rarely present as an emergency.We present a case with bochdalek hernia in an 81 years old woman who admitted to the hospital with acute dispnea.We want to remind that, though rare, diaphragmatic hernias should be kept in mind while considering all possibilities of differential diagnosis of dispnea.

Hybrid coronary intervention is a practice when both invasive cardiologic and surgical interventions are performed together due to insufficiency of each intervention individually. After common decision and planning of the therapeutic options of both cardiologist and cardiac surgeon, hybrid coronary interventions are widespreadly used to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity in patients with risk factors such as advanced age, poor ventricle functions, redo coronary bypass, pulmonary or renal dysfunction. Two cases from our clinic, which we had to perform an unplanned hybrid coronary intervention, were completely and successfully treated with no sympthoms in the follow up period. We believe that, in parallel with the improvements in cardiovascular surgery, hybrid coronary interventions performed with cooperation of cardiologist and cardiovascular surgeon may reduce mortality and morbidity ratios in selected patients.

Lymphangiomas are benign tumors of the lymphatic system.İntraabdominal lymphangiomas are very rarely. (1/100.000) They are more common in boys and usually occur in childhood.Clinical presentation of abdominal lymphangiomas is variable.Some of them are chronic abdominal pain, acute abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, fever and peritonitis.Here in, we report on a case of cystic lymphangioma of the distal pancreas.

Kallmann syndrome is a neuronal migration disorder characterised by
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmi or hyposmia.It is generally accepted that
defective rhinocephalon development result in olfactory tract abnormalities. We used
magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the olfactory tract and evaluate the olfactory sulci in patient whose clinical and laboratory findings were compatible with Kallmann syndrome. Coronal images of the frontal region clearly demonstrated aplasia of the bilateral olfactory sulci and absence of the olfactory tracts in patient.