INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis is one of the major inflammatory clinical tables among gastrointestinal system diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW) and other inflammatory markers with acute pancreatitis and its severity.
METHODS: A total of 94 acute pancreatitis patients (male/female: 55/39), and 70 healthy subjects (male/female: 42/28) were enrolled in this study. MPV, RDW and other inflammatory parameters were measured for all participants. Ranson Score was used as to predict the disease severity in cases with acute pancreatitis.
RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in MPV levels was observed in acute pancreatitis cases compared with healthy controls (7.9±1.1 fL and 8.4±0.9 fL; p=0.003). RDW levels were significantly increased compared to healthy controls (12.8%±1.5 and 11.7%±0.7; p<0.01). MPV levels were more significantly decreases patients with Ranson score ≥3, compared with Ranson score <3 (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is no unique, favorable method to assess acute pancreatitis and its severity, MPV level at hospital admission may be used as an easy and cheap marker in earlier prediction of acute pancreatitis and its seriousness.

INTRODUCTION: For ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), an electroanatomical mapping (3D EAM) system is constantly used. The goal of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of substrate mapping and catheter ablation (CA) of Ventricular Tachycardia in ICM.
METHODS: The study included 41 consecutive patients with ICM. Substrate mapping and ablation were performed to all patients using 3D EAM. Patients were followed up for acute procedure success, periprosedural complications, mortality and recurrence of VT.
RESULTS: For patients that included in this study, mean age was 61 ± 7 and majority of the patients was male (38, 92.6 %). Mean follow-up duration was 16.5 ± 8.5 months and in the follow up duration 6 (14,6%) of study patients were lost and 10 (24,3%) experienced VT recurred. Periprocedural complications occurred in 5 of the patients (11.9 %).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In a single center retrospective study, when using a 3D EAM guided approach for VT ablation in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, the freedom from any ventricular arrhythmia has found high (75.6 %). Substrate mapping and ablation during on sinus rhythm or under pacing shown as successful which we demonstrated in our study.

INTRODUCTION: Right heart failure (HF) is main cause of death and rehospitalization in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) with HF-related hospitalization and mortality in outpatient PAH patients
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 86 PAH outpatients who admitted to our special PAH clinic for periodic routine controls between June 2011 and August 2017. According to the receiver-operating characteristic analysis, the optimal cut-off value of MPV to predict HF-related hospitalization was > 8.4 fL. Patients divided to two categories as MPV > 8.4 fL and MPV ≤ 8.4 fL groups. Potential predictors were evaluated in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 50.8±11.6 years. The mean follow-up was 27±13 months. HF-related hospitalization was found markedly higher in MPV > 8.4 fL group than MPV ≤ 8.4 fL group (73.0% vs. 12.2%, p<0.001), but there was no difference in term of all-cause mortality between the two groups (10.8% vs. 6.1%, p=0.457). In univariate analysis, MPV > 8.4 fL and BMI were associated with HF-related hospitalization in outpatient PAH patients (p=0.009 and p=0.047, respectively). In multivariate analysis, MPV > 8.4 fL was found a strong independent predictor of HF-related hospitalization in outpatient PAH patients (p=0.001, hazard ratio 7.639, 95% CI 2.414-24.178).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The relationship between increased MPV level and HF-related hospitalization in outpatient PAH patients may be useful to identfy high-risk patients in follow-up.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections cause rare clinical manifestations in immunocompetent adults, usually with asymptomatic or mild clinical manifestations. CMV in immunocompromised patients can cause various clinical tabulations such as gastrointestinal, cardiovasculer, hepatitis, pneumonitis and neurological systems like meningoencephalitis. In this study, presented a case of CMV hepatitis with immunocompetant, lymphomonocytosis and fever.

INTRODUCTION: The importance of hematological parameters in allergic rhinitis (AR) was confusing in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association and predictive value of hematological parameters with the diagnosis and severity of allergic rhinitis in children.
METHODS: The clinical records of 136 children who were diagnosed with AR according to the ARIA guideline were reviewed retrospectively. 60 children with no evidence of allergic rhinitis were included the study as control group. The total immunoglobulin E levels, skin prick tests and complete blood count were assessed. The children with AR were grouped as mild group (group 1) and moderate / severe group (group 2) according to severity of AR.
RESULTS: Eosinophil count (EC), percentage of eosinophils (E%) and also eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in study group was significantly higher than control group (p<0,001). Cut-off values of discrimination to sensitivity were found to be ≥0,34 103µL, ≥3%, ≥0,09 for EC, E% and ELR, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of these values were 55,9% and 73,3% for EC, 73,5% and 71,7% for E% and 61,8% and 73,3% for ELR respectively. Neutrophil to lymohocyte ratio (NLR) in group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 (p=0,010). The predictive value of NLR was found of ≥1,5 (sensitivity=68,9%; specificity=63,7) for association with severity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: EC, E% and ELR may be useful marker to define the sensitization of children with AR. NLR can be beneficial as an indicator of severity of AR and may be used an objective measure of the severity of disease in children.

INTRODUCTION: The type of suture material, the number of knots, knotting techniques and the surgeon’s experience all have an important impact on knot safety. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the minimum number of throws necessary to create a secure knot in polypropylene sutures of different sizes.
METHODS: Two groups were formed; Group I: Naive polypropylene sutures and Group II: Oily impregnated polypropylene sutures. In total, 144 pieces of polypropylene suture were used. The pulling force used for suture break measurement was 0.5 mm/sec. Knots that failed due to breaking or untying were recorded.
RESULTS: As the number of throws increased, the rate of slipped knots decreased in all polypropylene suture groups, although dissolution rates were higher in the oil impregnated group. There was no statistically significant difference in the median force levels required for untying or breaking knots made with the same number of throws but with different sizes of thread (2/0,3/0,4/0,5/0). According to the Bonferroni adjustment test, used to analyze the median force levels required for knot slippage or breaking, there was no statistically significant difference between knots tied 3, 4 or 5 times in either any Group I, or in any Group II with oily sutures.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicate that 3 throws of polypropylene sutures in the same direction are sufficient for knot security in an in-vitro environment. Additionally, impregnation of the polypropylene sutures with oil does not compromise knot security.

INTRODUCTION: High platelet-lymphocyte ratio is an established marker of systemic inflammation and cardiac mortality, while new onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related with inflammatory processes. In this study, we investigated the association of platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a marker of inflammation, with new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.
METHODS: Among a total of 245 participants who underwent isolated CABG, 57 (23.1%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF group) and 188 (76.7%) had normal sinus rhythm (NSR group). Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the two groups. The relationship between the development of postoperative AF and the study parameters was investigated by logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: High density lipoprotein (HDL) and lymphocyte count were significantly higher in NSR group (p <0.05), and neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and PLR were significantly higher in AF group (p <0.05). In multivariate regression analysis, PLR was associated with the development of postoperative atrial fibrillation (OR: 1.05 CI: 1.01-1.09, p: 0.02).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Preoperative PLR has a predictive value for new-onset atrial fibrillation after CABG.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the presence of erectile dysfunction in men with lumbar disc herniation and the effects of pain severity on erectile functions.
METHODS: 64 male patients aged between 30 and 60 years who were admitted to the neurosurgery clinic for low back pain were included in the study. The control group consisted of 56 males who applied to urology or neurosurgery clinics for other reasons. Visuel Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the severity of pain in patients with lumbar disc hernia(LDH). To assess the erection status, all patients were filled with the International Erectile Function Assessment (IIEF-5) short form.
RESULTS: The mean age of men with LDH was 39.3 ± 4.1, the mean age of the control group was 40.5 ± 3.4 years and there was no statistical difference between the two groups. ED was present in 28 men (43.7%) with LDH and 14 men in the control group (25%). When all individuals were evaluated, ED was significantly higher in those with LDH (p <0.05).When the relation of ED with pain in LDH patients is compared; 7 men with ED had mild pain (VAS <5). Likewise, 21 men had severe pain (VAS≥5).The presence of ED is directly proportional to the severity of pain.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been shown that ED frequency is higher in LDH patients and increases in proportion to the severity of pain.Erectile function should be routinely evaluated by physicians in patients with LDH due to the presence of correlation between erectile dysfunction and lumbosacral disc disease.

INTRODUCTION: The adverse effects of smoking on incidence of obstetric complications and fetal growth are highly variable between individuals. The deletorius effects of smoking should be due to placental dysfunction and this impaired function could be clinically demonstrated via biochemical (PAPPA and fβhCG) and biophysical (uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI)) markers.
METHODS: In our retrospective cohort study, we assessed the obstetric outcomes of pregnant women attended for the first trimester combined test (FTCT) to Buca Maternity Hospital between 1 August 2016 and 1 January 2018. According to the self-reports the studied sample categorized as; smoking during pregnancy, smoking cessation during first weeks of gestation and never smoked.
RESULTS: Median birth weights were significantly different among the groups; smoking (3149±531), smoking-stopped (3273±517) and never smoked (3319±505), (p<0.0001). The mean UtAPI was significantly higher in smoking pregnants (2.05±0.63) than the never smoked group (1.97±0.61), (p=0.014) and the median PAPPA raw MoM values were lower in smoking pregnants (0.88±0.51) than the never smoked women (1.01±0.59), (p<0.0001). Only the frequency of fetal growth restricton (FGR) was significantly different among these groups. Subgroup analysis revealed that PAPPA raw MoM values were lower (0,70 versus 1,09; p=0.019) and the mean UtAPI was higher (2,56 versus 1,73; p<0.0001) in smoker women who develop FGR compared to the non-complicated smokers.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Smoking does not cause obstetric complications in each case. Placental function markers could predict the woman who will develop poor outcomes especially FGR and UtA Doppler assessment during the FTCT could help determining a high risk group.

Nowadays, while the effects of general anesthesia on central nervous system is not considered to be an important problem on healthy young adults, alongside many experiments on animals, few but significant clinical studies strengthenthe suspicion of anesthetic toxicity on the central nervous system in early or late ages.

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophils are the key inflammatory cells in the acute phase of myocardial infarction(MI). Parameters related to absolute or relative number of circulating neutrophils have been reported to be increased in previous studies. Mean neutrophil volume(MNV) has emerged as a new marker of activated neutrophils. In this study, we aimed to evaluate MNV in subjects suffering from myocardial infarction.
METHODS: For this purpose, we included age and gender- matched consecutive patients undergoing either elective coronary angiography following ischemia- guided assessment of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) (n= 82) or percutaneous coronary angiography due to MI(Group 3, n= 39) between May- August 2016. Among those undergoing elective coronary angiography, 40 patients were found to have normal epicardial coronary arteries(Group 1) and remaining 42 patients were classified as SCAD group(Group 2).
RESULTS: A total of 121 subjects(mean age 61.18 years, 49.59% male) were recruited in this study. White blood cell count (p= 0.485) did not differ among three groups. MNV was found to be significantly elevated in Group 3 (174.80 [9.30]), compared to both Group 1 (147.40 [14.80]) (p< 0.001) and 2 (162.30 [14.72]) (p< 0.001). MNV was also significantly higher in Group 2 when compared to Group 1(p< 0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that neutrophil composition shows alterations in MI in the lack of quantitative changes. The spectrum of morphological changes in neutrophils, expressed in terms of MNV, merits further evaluation for its predictive value for early diagnosis of ACS and the extent of post- MI ischemic damage.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of longitudinal incision versus transverse incision in the surgical treatment of trigger finger.
METHODS: Between November 2017 and October 2018, a total of 24 patients who were surgically treated for trigger finger using longitudinal incision or transverse incision were included. Trigger finger was graded according to the Wolfe classification. The rates of recurrence and patient satisfaction were evaluated. Postoperative complications including nerve injury, wound site infection, and wound dehiscence were noted.
RESULTS: Of the patients, 16 (66.7%) were females and 8 (33.3%) were males with a mean age of 51.4 (range, 32 to 72) years. The mean follow-up was 8 (range, 5 to 11) months. According to the Wolfe classification, 10 patients (41.6%) had Grade 2 and 14 patients (58.4%) Grad 3 disease. A longitudinal incision was used in 12 patients (50%), while a transverse incision was used in 12 patients (50%). None of the patients had recurrence after surgery. Patient satisfaction was achieved in all patients operated.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study results suggest that surgical treatment of trigger finger is an effective method without any recurrence or complication and both incision techniques yield similar outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the preterm delivery rates and their relation to poor obstetric outcomes of 15 June coup attempt.
METHODS: 438 single live births over 500 grams and 20 weeks between 15-25 June 2016 was compared with 418 births occured the same time year ago.
RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between gestational week averages, preterm birth, average of babies' weight, gender and birth type according to birth year. The proportion of infants who needs newborn intensive care in 2016 is significantly lower than in 2015.
When sub-evaluation was made according to nationalities, the mean gestational age was significantly lower,preterm delivery and vaginal birth rate were significantly higher in the Syrian pregnants.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, the acute stress caused by the chaotic environment of the coup attempt was not associated with poor obstetric outcomes such as preterm delivery and low birth weight but the rate of increased preterm labor in the Syrian refugee group may be due to the poor living conditions of these patients, the chronic stress which they live, or the stress that occurs during the early gestational week.

INTRODUCTION: Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder. Hepcidin is an acid peptide mainly involved in iron regulation that increases by inflammation and infection. In this study; we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the hepcidin levels and FMF attacks, and to determine the likely role of hepcidin in the diagnosis of the disease.
METHODS: 42 male patients and 28 healthy male controls were included in the study. Prohepcidine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum iron, serum iron binding capacity, ferritin, fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were analyzed.
RESULTS: Prohepcidin levels was significantly lower in patient group than control group, wheras IL-6 levels was significantly higher (p<0.05). Serum prohepcidin and IL-6 levels had increased significantly (p<0.01) during the attack; however prohepcidin maintained after the attack but serum IL-6 level had significantly decreased. There was no correlation between prohepcidin and IL-6 levels.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Iron metabolism may contribute to the FMF pathogenesis in addition to inflammatory mechanisms.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a well-described co-morbidity in patients with inflammatory arthritis. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) contributes to the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis independent of traditional CV risk factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether EAT thickness determined by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in newly-diagnosed ankylosing spondilitis (AS) patients is associated with AS severity.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, TTE reports of newly-diagnosed AS patients were reviewed. Age- and gender-matched control subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were also included in the study.
RESULTS: 100 subjects [40.00 (34.25- 48.00) years, 65% male] were included in the study. EAT thickness was significantly increased in AS patients when compared to the controls (p<0.001). In Spearman’s correlation analysis, EAT thickness in AS patients was found to be positively correlated with the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) (r=0.652, p<0.001). In the linear regression analysis, EAT thickness was found to be independently associated with ASDAS (p=0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results indicates that ASDAS is independently associated with EAT thickness in newly- diagnosed AS patients. ASDAS at the first diagnosis may guide the patient’s CV risk and primary prevention strategies.

INTRODUCTION: It is well known that some vitamins play a significant role in many forms of hair loss. However, the effect of vitamin B12 (vit b12) in the pathogenesis of hair loss is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between vit B12 levels and Chronic Telogen effluvium (CTE) in this sudy.
METHODS: Patient group was formed by the patients who had diagnosis of CTE in our dermatology outpatinet clinic. The control group was formed by individuals who had no systemic and dermatologic disease and whose vit B12 levels were measured at the check-up polyclinic. The demographic characteristics and the levels of serum vit B12 levels of the individuals were recorded for both groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17 (Chicago, IL) pack program.
RESULTS: There were 317 patients in the study group, 327 healthly individual in the control group. Both groups were statistically similar in terms of age and sex. Mean vit B12 levels of the patient and control group were 345.72±138.39 pg/ml (255.14±102.13 pmol/l) and 349.11±110.14 pg/ml (257.11±110.14 pmol/l), respectively. The difference was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05). But vit B12 deficiency was found in 38 (11.98%) of the patients and in 22 (6.72%) of the controls. The differnece between groups was statistically significant.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Vitamin B12 deficiency rate was found to be significantly higher in our patient group. Our results indicate that there may be a correlation between CTE and vit B12 levels.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D Deficiency is an important public health problem and is more prevalent in dialysis patients. It is associated with important problems such as infection, anemia and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and hemodialysis adequacy, anemia, inflammatory markers and blood pressure levels in hemodialysis patients.
METHODS: Eighty-one patients (39 male) undergoing hemodialysis (3x4 hours/week) were evaluated retrospectively. Their physical examination findings, pre- and post-dialysis weights, complete blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, parathormone (PTH) and 25 OH Vitamin D (Vit D) levels were recorded. Kt/V and URR were calculated for dialysis adequacy.
RESULTS: Ninety-eight percent of the patients had a low level of vitamin D. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between Kt/V and viamint D level (p=0.035). No relationship was determined between vitamin D level and blood pressure, ESR, CRP, hemoglobin, serum PTH and phosphorus levels, (p>0.05 for all). A significant correlation was found between serum calcium (Ca) level and vitamin D levels (p=0.048).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The 25 OH vitamin D level was found low in more than 95% of our hemodialysis patients. Negative correlation between serum vitamin D and KT/v may be due to the fact that serum 25 OH vitamin D was measured instead of serum 1-25 (OH)2 vitamin D and in spring. So that it may be more appropriate measuring serum level of 1-25 (OH)2 vitamin D, to assess the vitamin D status of dialysis patients treated with calcitriol

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm with an incidence of 3.7% in Turkey. Mutations and re-arrangements in genes encoding proteins of the the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway for the development and progression of differentiated thyroid cancer, gain more and more importance. Bisphosphonates decrease tumor cell proliferation, reduce cell viability, stimulate apopitosis in tumor cell, inhibit cell adhesion and angiogenesis, and decrease metastatic potential in vitro.
In our study, the effects of zoledronic acid monohydrate on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line were investigated.

METHODS: Zoledronic acid monohydrate with increasing doses of 10 to 100 μM was used on a papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line of human origin named BCPAP.
RESULTS: IC50 value with zoledronic acid monohydrate was found in first experiment at 48th hour to be 55 μM, but 2nd, 3rd and 4th experiments were failed. Therefore, apoptosis assays were not to be established.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Zoledronic acid was found to be ineffective in the thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line at the dose range we were working with.

INTRODUCTION: Social media, which gains more importance in communication every day, has negative aspects as well as positive aspects. Some of these are reducing communication and hindering people's face-to-face interaction. These negativities are more important especially in occupations such as nursing where face-to-face communication is essential. It is necessary to identify this situation when it is considered that today's nursing students belong to a generation who are born into a world with internet and who spend all their lives in the digital environment. Our study was conducted to identify the effect of social media dependence of nursing students on communication skills.

METHODS: The survey was completed with 104 students from 175 nursing students attending Eskişehir Osmangazi University School of Health Sciences and who were at school and volunteered to participate in the study during the Summer School period, on August 24-25, 2017, which was the days that the study was performed. Students from the other universities for summer school were excluded from the research to prevent differences in education and training to reflect the results of the study. “Personal Information Form”, “Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)”, “Communication Skills Inventory (CSI)” were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using the IBM Statistical 21.0.
RESULTS: When the relationship between the descriptive characteristics of students and scale scores is examined, a significant relationship between the sexuality and communication skills has been found. 96.2% of the students had social media subscriptions. It has been found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time a student spent on social media and the total SMAS scores. When the relationship between the scales was examined, it was found that there was no significant correlation between the social media dependence and the communication skills.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
It was determined that the students' social media addictions didn't affect communication skills.

INTRODUCTION: It is essential that the bladder stone be removed with a minimum of trauma and damage applied to the bladder. In this context, we present our experience removal of bladder stone endoscopically with using nephroscope via transurethrally and compared this method with using cystoscope.
METHODS: Twenty six male patients who had bladder stones treated with endoscopically with using nephroscope via transurethrally and 24 patients were treated with using cystoscope. The maximum diameter of stones in milimeters and prostate volume were measured on plain KUB Xray or suprapubic ultrasonography. Also, operation time was measured.
RESULTS: The mean stone diameter and total number of stones in the 26 patients was 36.48±16.7 mm and 31 stones, respectively. The average age of the 26 patients was 59.3±17.6 years. Mean operative time from begining of intravenous sedoanalgesia until urethral foley catheter insertion was 33.2±18.9 minutes and mean prostate volume was measured to be 50.7±20.4 ml. No statistical difference was found for operation time between groups. None of the patients developed urethral stricture disease in the early (postoperative third month) follow-up.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nephroscope has distinct advantage over the cystoscope as it has a wider lumen, which facilitates easy removal of the stone fragments. Transurethral stone removal using a nephroscope is safe and efficacious method of stone removal without increasing the morbidity of the patients.

INTRODUCTION: Professional commitment; a nurse is convinced that she believes in the values her profession has, that she is willing to work on it, is willing to develop, and is committed to pursuing this profession. This research was planned to examine the commitment to the profession of newly graduated nurses.
METHODS: This study was conducted as a descriptive study with 51 nurses who have been working Şahinbey Practice and Research Hospital between October 2017 and January 2018. The study was used "Information Form" and "Nursing Professional Commitment Scale" as data collection tool.
RESULTS: The average score of the Scale was found as 74.56 ± 10.43 (min = 49, max = 94), while the average of the subscale of effort was 35.74 ± 6.97 ( 21-50) and the subscale of maintaining the profession membership was 23.21 ± 4.73 (8-32) and belief subscale average of target and values was found to be 15.60 ± 2.13 (8-18). In addition, the average score of Nursing Professional Commitment Scale was found to be significantly higher in those who were 25-28 years old, in males, in weekly working hours, in surgical departments, in working with guide nurses and in the clinic for the first six months nurses and those who stated that the working environment affects themselves positively, and those who voluntarily choose their profession.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: it was determined that the commitment to the profession of the newly graduated nurses is moderate, job security, working conditions and team communication are important factors in the commitment to the profession.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effect of preoperative obstruction in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) on short and long-term outcomes and to find out the prognostic significance of lymph node ratio (LNR).
METHODS: This retrospective study included patients operated for obstructive CRC under emergency conditions. Surgical outcomes and survival analysis were evaluated in all cohorts. Overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) rates were compared between patient groups according to median LNR value.
RESULTS: A total of 64 patients [male (n=33, 51.6%), median age: 68.5 years] were retrieved. Median LNR was calculated as 0.09. Perioperative morbidity and mortality and curative resection rates were not different between patients with proximal and distal tumors. 5-year OS rate and median survival for all patients were 34.4% and 19 months, respectively. OS and DFS did not significantly differ between patients in early and advanced stage disease and with proximal and distal tumors (p>0.05). OS and DFS did not show significant difference in patient groups according to median cut-off LNR value (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: More objective criteria should be used while deciding on surgical strategy for obstructive distal CRCs. Although obstruction is associated with poor overall prognosis, patients who have curative resection and survive from perioperative complications have favorable long-term results. Median LNR did not show any prognostic significance for obstructive CRCs.

INTRODUCTION: The use of centrally inserted central venous catheters (CICCs) allows maintenance of
prolonged intravenous access in children. Our aim was to outline the characteristics of
the low birth weight new-born population that received CICC and to present our
therapeutic outcomes.
METHODS: This retrospective study was performed using data derived from the medical files of 50
infants (37 females, 13 males) aged 81.3±55.3 days. Patients were treated in the
neonatology department of our tertiary care centre. Relationship between
demographic, clinical and hematologic variables was investigated.
RESULTS: The vast majority of our patients had comorbidities (n=46, 92%). Complications were
noted in 14 patients (28%) and revision was necessary in 9 (18%) cases. Catheter
infection was evident in 18 patients (36%), while the tip of the catheter was most
commonly detected at the levels of 5th (n=12, 24%) and 6th (n=9, 18%) costa. The
reason for removal of the catheter was infection in only 15 (30%) of cases. The
durability of CICC was significantly longer (p=0.027) and platelet count was notably
higher (p=0.032) in patients that underwent revision intervention. In patients with
infectious aetiology for removal of CICC, activated partial thromboplastin time was
remarkably longer (p=0.045).


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We suggest that CICCs constitute a reliable, safe and practical route of access for
prolonged intravenous treatment in infants with low birthweight. Identification of
patients who may require revision intervention and increased awareness on catheter
infection may improve success rate and decrease the likelihood of complications and
hazards.

INTRODUCTION: Anastomosis leak after radical gastrectomy is a medical emergency and should be treated without delay. Most of the self-expanding metallic stents used for leaks in the literature are endoscopically placed and application with scopy have been mentioned only in a few studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate our experience in management of postoperative esophagojejunostomy (OJ) leaks after radical total gastrectomy, to evaluate the safety, efficacy, technical and clinical success of a scopically placed fully covered self expanding metallic stents (FCSEMS) and compare these parameters with endoscopically placed stents in the literature.
METHODS: A total of 20 patients who underwent TG with gastric cancer and subsequently developed OJ leak for the remaining period between 2014 and 2017 were screened retrospectively and added to the study. FCSEMSes were placed in the interventional radiology unit with scopy.
RESULTS: Technical success was evaluated as 100%. Clinical success was measured as 80%. Stent migration was observed in 2 patients (10%). One patient died of sepsis. Mortality rate was evaluated as 5%. There were no procedural complications in the patients. The relationship between clinical success and mortality related factors could not be determined statistically (P > 0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: FCSEMS is a safe and effective treatment method that can be safely used without complications.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare the outcomes of no-laparotomy and conventional diverting colostomy techniques and to describe the process and benefits of using preoperative imaging tools in no-laparotomy procedure.
METHODS: Patients intended to receive no-laparotomy diverting colostomy, have preoperative imaging tools of 3D computerized tomography and X-ray examinations in order to predict the best location for the stoma construction. The perioperative outcomes in these cases were compared with those obtained from the patients operated with conventional diverting colostomy with laparotomy at another institution.
RESULTS: Eighteen and 16 patients had a diverting colostomy with no-laparotomy technique after preoperative assessment, and conventional procedure. Demographics and most of the patient- and procedure-related factors were similar. Length of incision, (4.8±0.8 vs. 13.3±1.9cms, p<0.001) operation time (31.4±13.0 vs 46.7±7.9mins, p<0.001) and the rate of surgical site infection (0 vs 4 [25%], p=0.039) and hospitalization period (4 [3-30] vs 5 [4-34]days, p=0.01) were significantly less in no-laparotomy group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: No-laparotomy technique may be safe and beneficial while performing a diverting colostomy. Length of incision, operation time and hospitalization period are shortened if a laparotomy is avoided, and the rate of surgical site infection decreases. Current study recommends preoperative imaging tools when a no-laparotomy technique is intended.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evalute the affectiveness of the single-dose methotreaxhate used in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy and and to identify the clinical and laboratory findigns affecting its success.
METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the patients diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy who received single-dose methotraxhate treatment in between April 2013 and April 2018. The associations of the methotreaxhate treatment with patients’ s demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory finding like serum β-Hcg levels, size of ectopic mass, fetal cardiac positivity were evaluated.
RESULTS: Mean serum β-hCG levels of Group 1 (included patients succesfully treated with single-dose methotreaxhate,n=97) and Group 2 (included patients could not treated with single-dose methotreaxhate, n=26) prior to methotreaxhate treatment were 3128 ± 2085 mIU/ml and 5813 ± 3858 mIU/ml recpectively. In Group 1, fetal cardiac activity was positive in 10 patients (10,3%) and in Group 2. The cardiac fetal activity was positive in 10 patients (10.3%) in Group 1 and 7 patients (26.9%) in Group 2. In total 123 patients who underwent methotreaxhate treatment the overall success rate of single-dose methotreathate treatment was found as 78.8% (97/123).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Single-dose methotreaxhate treatment is a safe and effective option in ectopic pregnancy therapy. The most significant parameter affecting the success of this treatment is the serum β-Hcg levels having an inverse relation with success rate. The observation of cardiac activity in the ectopic focus has been found to be an important parameter that reduces the success of treatment, although not being a definite contraindication to methotrexate therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Gonadotropin therapy is the mainstay of ovarian stimulation, while FSH is the main regulator of antral follicular growth, LH plays key roles in promoting steroidogenesis and in the development of the leading follicle. However, there is limited data on the use of LH supplementation in controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF. The aim of this prospective randomized study is to investigate the efficacy of the administration of rLH during COH in normogonadotrophic downregulated women, with initial normal - suboptimal ovarian response to monotherapy with rFSH.
METHODS: Seventy seven patients were included in the study and two regimens, rFSH and rFSH + rLH, for IVF treatment of women with normal and decreased ovarian function were compared in prospective randomised fashion. Primary end-point of the study was the total number of metaphase II oocytes
RESULTS: Of the 77 patients, 39 received FSH alone (Group A) and 38 received FSH + LH (Group B). When all age groups were evaluated, number of metaphase II oocytes and total embryos were statistically significantly decreased in group B compared to groups A (p< 0.01). Particularly, in the subgroup of patients aged 35 years and over, number of metaphase II oocytes were statistically significantly decreased in group B compared to group A (p< 0.005). The number of good quality embryos and clinical pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between the two groups either in all age groups and patients aged ≥35.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: rFSH+rLH regimen appears not to be beneficial for the IVF treatment of women either with normal and decreased ovarian reserve. It should be considered however, to prove the efficacy, larger scale prospective randomized control trials should be conducted.

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted for the purpose of collecting information about current knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of students studying in Bingöl University Theology Faculty concerning organ donation and detecting inconveniences on this subject, if any.

METHODS: Data collection tool used in the study was a Questionnaire, which was prepared by the researcher based on literature knowledge. The questionnaire consisted of 38 questions. The first 14 questions are related to demographic characteristics of the students. Other questions, on the other hand, are aimed at determining the general approaches and attitudes of the students concerning organ donation and various demographic characteristics concerning organ donation.
RESULTS: While examining the distribution of the state of the participants to think organ donations, 31.1% of them indicated that they considered organ donation, whereas 28.1% did not think. 40.7% of the participants indicated that they were undecided about organ donation. Regarding the state of receiving the training on organ donation it was determined that while a great majority of the participants who gave the answer “yes” and “undecided” to the question about organ donation wanted to train, a great majority of those who did not consider organ donation (76.5%) did not want to train (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was revealed that Theology Faculty students did not have sufficient knowledge about organ donation, had various concerns about religious inconvenience of organ transplantation, needed to be informed on this subject, and wanted to get opinion from organ donation units mostly within the knowledge of attending physicians.

INTRODUCTION: The value of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infections is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of CRP and PCT values in comparison with the positive and negative microbiological culture results in infected total hip and knee arthroplasty patients.


METHODS: In this study, clinical data of a total of 40 patients with infected total hip or total knee arthroplasty were evaluated retrospectively. Microbiological culture results that were obtained surgically together with serum CRP and PCT values were recorded. Culture results were also classified as positive and negative. Accordingly, sensitivity and specificity of CRP and PCT were evaluated in both groups.

RESULTS: According to the data obtained in the study, the sensitivity of CRP in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection was 100% and the specificity was 52.6%; PCT sensitivity was 85.7% and specificity was 95.7%.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CRP with high sensitivity and PCT with high specificity, are valuable serological markers with in the diagnosis of periprosthetic infection. Orthopedic surgeons should consider these two markers in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections and use them together if necessary.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to investigate the radiological and clinical results of arthroscopic reduction, which has promising results, along with Dega acetobuloplasty in children over 18 months of age who were admitted to our center

METHODS: 13 patients operated with arthroscopic reduction and Dega acetabuloplasty in same session evaluated retrospectively. Preoperative Tönnis grade, acetabular indexes, postoperative acetabular indexes, coverage ratio of the femoral head were measured. Postoperative AVN was evaluated according to the Kalamchi and MacEwen classification and MacKay classification was criteria for clinical evaluation.

RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean,AI angle was 38.4 (range, 34 to 44 ) degree and at the latest follow-up, the mean AI was 21.7 (range, 20 to 26) degrees. The mean, femoral head coverage ratio was 90.7 % (range, 80 to 100%). According to McKay classification; 7 patients had Grade I hip, 5 patients had Grade II, and 1 patient had Grade III hip


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic reduction for developmental dysplasia of hip at walking age is a technique that might be an alternative to open reduction from the point of short-term results. It is clear that prospective, long-term and comparative studies with larger patient numbers are needed

INTRODUCTION: Measles virus is produced in chick embryo cells. The administration of measles-rubella-mumps vaccine creates unnecessary anxiety in children with egg allergy by the families and healthcare personnel. The aim of this study to determine whether it is safe to vaccinate measles-rubella-mumps in patients with egg allergy and whether pre-vaccination testing is necessary.
METHODS: The study was prospectively designed between 2016-2018. We administered measles-rubella-mumps vaccine to patients with egg allergy at Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Department. Before vaccination, prick with commercial egg white and yellow, prick with fresh (raw) food, prick with gelatin and measles-rubella-mumps vaccine, intradermal skin test with 1/100 diluted vaccine and measure of egg white and yellow specific immunglobuline E (IgE) were performed in all patients. The patients were given a full dose vaccine.
RESULTS: Sixty-two patients with IgE mediated egg allergy were included in the study. The median age was 12 months and 28% (n=17) of the cases were female. According diagnostic distribution, the patients had atopic dermatitis (n=49; 79%), urticaria (n=8; 12%), anaphylaxis (n=2; 3.2%) and atopic dermatitits with urticaria (n=2; 3.2%). One (1.6%) patient had specific IgE and skin test positivity without clinical complaints. There was no positive skin test with vaccine and jelatin or intradermal test. All patients were vaccinated at full dose, observed for 1 hour. One case had mild rash. The rate of the reaction was 1.6% (1/62).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pre-vaccination testing is not necessary in patients with egg allergy and that the vaccine can be safely administered.