INTRODUCTION: The type and variety of kidney diseases depending on geographic regions, socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds. It also often makes it difficult to diagnose due to mild and non-specific symptoms of disease itself. The aim of this study is retrospectively analyze our patients demographic parameters, kidney disease types and rates.
METHODS: Between January 2015 and May 2016, 903 patients admitted to the pediatric nephrology clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic parameters of the patients were examined. Diagnosis of kidney disease was based on clinical findings, history, physical examination and laboratory parameters.
RESULTS: A total of 903 patients,411 (45 %) were males, 492's (55% ) were females. The mean age of the patients was 8.09 ± 5.04 years, the majority of them is between 6-10 years. The most common renal disease (n=247; 27.3 %) was urinary tract infection followed by voiding dysfunction (n=200,22.1%), congenital anomalies of the urinary tract (n=119,13.1%), kidney stones (n=74,8.1%), hypertension (n=57,6.3%), chronic kidney disease (n=28,3.1%), isolated proteinuria (n=19,2.1%), hematuria (n=14,1.5%), nephrotic syndrome (n=9,0.9%), nephritic syndrome (n=5) and acute renal failure in 2 patients. Some of the patients were identified with multiple renal disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Renal disease can progress very quiet and asymptomatic. In particular, chronic kidney disease are common in our country and the disorder can be misdiagnosed. Therefore be sent to patients and their families better questioning and doubt within a nephrology center in the early period of patients is very important.

INTRODUCTION: Ingrown toenail is a painful illness which affects daily life negatively. Many methods have been defined in the treatment of this illness. The Heifetz method is one of the frequently used surgical treatment. In this study, we examined the results of the Heifetz method retrospectively.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 73 ingrown toenail cases of 62 patients who were treated by using the Heifetz method in our clinic between 2012 and 2016. Age, sex, affected foot and finger side, Heifetz classification, reccurrence rate, time for return to work and patient satisfaction are evaluated.
RESULTS: Average age of the patients was 23,77 (distribution: 10-70). Eighteen (24,6%) were phase 2, 55 finger (75,4%) were phase 3 according to the Heifetz classification. Thirty five patients (56,4%) were male, 27 patients (45,6%) were female. Fifteen cases (24,2%) were right foot, 36 cases were (58%) left foot, 11 cases (17,8%) were bilateral 1st toe. Twenty two (30,1%) had medial side ingrown, 39 cases had (53,4%) lateral side ingrown, 12 cases (16,5%) had both medial and lateral side ingrown. Patients had been kept in track for 17,6 months on average (distribution: 6-41 months) Patients returned to work in 28 days on average (distribution: 20-46 days). Sutures had been removed on the 14th day on average (distribution: 11-16 days). Recurrence was observed in 6 cases (8%). Recurrences were observed in the postoperative 2nd month on average (distribution: 1-3 months). None of the patients had osteomyelitis or any serious complication. Fifty eight patient (91,9%) declared that they were satisfied with the surgical operation applied under
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Heifetz method is a successful treatment option for patients with ingrown toenail.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) are important and frequently used for the preoperative evaluation of patients that will undergo cardiothoracic surgery and PFT are routinely required by anesthesiologists and surgical teams. Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker recently reported by several studies to be associated with many diseases, and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio and systemic immune inflammation index similarly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of any correlation between PFT and theese ratios in patients without pulmonary disease or risk factors due to undergo CABG.
METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at our hospital and performed by reviewing data of patients undergoing CABG between January 2014 and August 2015. Demographical features, echocardiological results, complete blood count results, ratios of NLR, PLR, SII and PFT results were evaluated in patients undergoing CABG.
RESULTS: Data of 61 patients were analyzed. A negative linear correlation was found between NLR and FEV1/FVC and NLR and MEF 75-25 % (p<0.01). ROC analysis was used to determine the cut off value for NLR when MMEF 75-25 < 80% and FEV1/FVC<80%. Cut off value of 2.105 was chosen for NLR with a sensitivity of 67.74% and specificity of 73.33% for FEV1/FVC <80% and sensitivity of 68.75% and specificity of 75.86% for MMEF75-25 <80%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In patients without respiratory disease, due to undergo CABG, NLR shows an inverse correlation with PFT results. Our study is the first to put forth simple biomarkers calculated from CBC that can predict PFT.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the differences in sexual function between women with PCOS and controls, and to assess the relationship of serum testosterone, body mass index (BMI), hirsutism, and acne with sexual function scores in women with PCOS.
METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis in which women who met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS were compared with a group of healthy volunteers. Results from the validated Female Sexual Dysfunction Index(FSFI) were used to assess sexual function. In women with PCOS, serum testosterone levels, BMI, self-reported hirsutism, and acne were assessed as independent variables
RESULTS: The differences between for the total FSFI scores were not statistically different, the mean FSFI scores for women with PCOS were lower in every category as compared with controls, but the differences were only statistically significant for orgasm.(4.44±0.07, p<0.001).There were no significant differences between any of the BMI categories in regard to the mean FSFI scores in any of the subscales.Women with PCOS whose testosterone levels were >1 standard deviation above the mean had significantly better sexual functioning.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Women with PCOS have similar sexual functioning scores compared with controls except in regard to orgasm. The subpopulation of women with PCOS whose serum testosterone levels are in the normal reproductive range are at increased risk for sexual dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION: Perinatal hypoxic stress is the most important etiological factor of newborn mortality, morbidity and norological sequellae. Every year newborn asphyxia occurs in approximately four million of 130 million births and one million of newborn dies as a consequence of asphyxia, or is exposed some kind of a severe sequellae. Assessment of intrapartum fetal monitoring includes fetal pulse oksimeter and external fetal heart rate monitoring. These tests has some advantages and disadvantages and none of these methods have high sensitivity and specificity rates.The aim of our study was to investigate the reduction of fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity rates by measuring fetal scalp lactate levels.
METHODS: A total of 95 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. All the patients were misoprostol-induced and monitored with external fetal heart rate, fetal pulse oksimeter and fetal scalp lactat level. Umbilical arterial blood oxygen testing were measured and recorded.
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RESULTS: Fetal oxygen saturation was under 30% in 24 (25%), and fetal scalp lactat level was above 4.8 mmol/l in 15 (16%) of the patients. These results indicated a statistically significant correlation between newborn acidosis and necessity of intensive care unit (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As for fetal scalp lactate monitoring is an invasive method, reflecting only the momentary lactate level, the need for repetition and the need for time and effort which means loss of time for the hypoxic fetus are the main reasons why it’s hard to take place in clinical practice. It’s not very probable for this method to be used in routine until more practical andnoninvasive methods are developed within technological improvement.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of the Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire-Short Form (MNA-SF) in nutritional assessment of COPD patients and its association with pulmonary function parameters.
METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with COPD were included in the study. Patients with malignancy, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus (DM), neurological disease, renal insufficiency and decompensated cardiac disease that would affect nutritional status and body weight were excluded from the study. The age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, respiratory function parameters of the cases were recorded and MNA-SF questionnaire consisting of six questions was filled. According to BMI, they were divided into 2 groups; malnutrition (BMI ≤ 20 kg / m2) and non-malnutrition (BMI> 20 kg / m2) groups. According to the results of the MNA-SF questionnaire, 12-14 points were "no risk of malnutrition", 8-11 points were "under malnutrition" and 0-7 points were "malnourished".
RESULTS: 54 patients(93.1%) were males of 58 patients with a mean age of 64.6 years. When classified according to respiratory functions; 8 (13,8%) mild COPD, 21 (36,2%) moderate COPD, 23 (39,7%) severe COPD and 6 (10,3%) very severe COPD. When the body mass index is evaluated; The score of 36.7% (n = 15) was below 20. According to MNA-SF scores; 44.8% were normal, 27.6% were at risk for malnutrition and 27.6% were malnourished. The MNA-SF scores and the BMI correlations were statistically significant (p = 0.001). No statistically significant difference was found between MNA-SF scores and COPD stages (p = 0.919), but positive correlations between FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC and MNA-SF and BMI were found in the PFT parameters.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We think that MNA-SF is a practical scoring system that can have positive results in the early detection and intervention of malnutrition, which can be easily applied even in the outpatient setting for every patient who gets COPD diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: While the needs of children in the hospital environment are among the matters to which importance is attached in the field of health, the fact that sitters are also individuals with numerous needs, is sometimes overlooked. The purpose of this study was to determine the burdens of sitter mothers at paediatrics clinics, and the effect of hospital stay on depression, anxiety and stress levels.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 285 mothers, who stayed at the paediatrics clinics of Eskisehir State Hospital and Medical Faculty Hospital of Eskisehir Osmangazi University between October–December 2014, and who agreed to take part in the study. The requisite permission was granted from the ethics committee and the institution before conducting the study. Descriptive Information Form and a Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale were used as data collection tools. The data was assessed using the IBM SPSS 17.0 statistics package programme. Mean and percentile distributions, the chi square test, independent sample t test and correlation test were used in the assessment of the data.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant relationship between the Depression-Anxiety-Stress levels of mothers who stayed as sitters and the presence of a chronic illness in the child, the period of the illness of the child and the number of days the mothers stayed in hospital as sitters.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the mothers who stayed as sitters at paediatrics clinics were at risk from the psychological perspective. Our recommendation is for the nurses, who spend the most time with sick children and their sitters, and who are able to observe them best of all, to be sensitive to the problems suffered by the sitters, and attempt to resolve these within the boundaries of their own possibilities.

Ectopic tyhroid tissue is a rarely seen benign congenital anomaly. It can cause very serious problems acording to localization. Ectopic tyhroid tissue commonly locates between foramen cecum and medial line of mediasten. In this article we present ectopic tyhroid tissue case which admitted to our outpatient clinic with rarely seen in literature submandibular mass.

Tetanus is a rare disease characterized by resistant tonic spasms that develop with acute and neurotoxins originating from Clostridium tetani, which are fatal to older ages. Respiratory distress resulting from respiratory muscle involvement is the most serious finding. Respiratory failure and airway obstruction in patients often require ventilator support. Our case was a 68-year-old woman with generalized type of tetanus without proper immunization and subsequent respiratory failure. He was enrolled and taken to intensive care unit. Sedation was provided and mechanical ventilator support was obtained for 11 days. The developing autonomic dysfunctions could not be corrected despite treatment. The patient died on the 11th day.

Ganglion cysts are commonly seen tumor-like lesions that do not have synovial capsules and can have internal septae as well as fluid rich with hyaluronic acid and other mucopolysacharides. They can be seen anywhere in the body. Although their etiology remains unclear, it is thought that chronic irritation, chronic repetitive injury and chronic ischemia are factors involved. When symptomatic, they cause pain and local soft tissue swelling. Ganglia are traditionally classified by the tissue from which they originate, such as intraarticular, extraarticular, intraosseous, periosteal etc. Although ganglion cysts are a commonly seen pathology, intratendinous ganglion cysts are rarely observed and hard to clinically diagnose. Diagnosis is made by ultrasonography (USG) or by MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) work ups. On MRI, they appear as well demarcated and lobulated masses originating from tendons, ligaments, tendon sheaths, meniscuses or joint capsules, giving out simple or complicated fluid signals, and they appear with a peripheral rim pattern when contrast agents are applied. On ultrasonography and doppler ultrasonography, they appear as hypoechoic or anechoich masses of no vascularization, with a lobulated outline and possibly an internal septa.
In this publication, the intratendinous ganglion cyst on the semimembranous tendon of the knee joint as well as the related ultrasound-MRI findings and the pathologies which can be on its differential diagnosis are presented as a case study. To the knowledge of the author of this paper, this is the third published case study about ganglion cysts originating from the semimembranous tendon itself. It is necessary to consider these cysts in differential diagnosis in light of adequate radiologic data, as a rare cause of knee joint pain.

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of gastrointestinal system and occurs %2 of the population. Common clinical presentations in childhood are bleeding and obstruction, while in adults it is usually with obstruction or incidentally detected. If complication occurs treatment must be resection. One of complications is perforation and it’s rarely develops due to foreign body. In this study the patient that have diagnosed as appendicitis before the operation and meckel diverticulum perforation detected during the operation because of the foreign body (toothpick) presented.

Lithium is one of the most widely used drugs in the treatment of bipolar disorders. The patient who was on lithium 900 mg/d with the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was admitted with difficulty in walking and swallowing for the past six months. Neurological examination showed clinical manifestations of Parkinsonism. Serum lithium level increased to the upper limits of therapeutic range; therefore, the dose was down-titrated and discontinued. Symptoms and neurological findings significantly improved two days later and nearly completely resolved 15 days later. Herein, we report a case of subacute Parkinsonism related to chronic high-dose, but not toxic dose, lithium treatment.

Metacarpophalangeal (mp) joint dislocations are uncommon and usually seen in thumb. Complex dislocation of the mp joint in children is also uncommon, and rarely reported, whereas the condition is well described in adults. Complex mp joint dislocations need an open reduction with a volar or dorsal approach or with percutaneous technique in adults but surgical treatment need is rare in childhood. Ýn our case, we show that the open reduction with dorsal approach is useful to obtaine successful results in closely irreducable pediatric complex 2nd mp dislocation treatment.

Malign epithelial tumors of the colon and rectum are the third most common cancer in worldwide. Medullary carcinomas are constitute only %1 of them and have more favorable outcome than other histologic subtypes. Because of their rarity sometimes they can’t be noticed and misdaignosed as poorly didderentiated adenocarcinomas, metastases, even lymphomas. In this study we aim to present clinicopathological features and treatment of colonic medullary carcinoma of 57 year old patient.

Female Athlete Triad is characterized by low energy availability, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Clinical presentation may be in different spectrum of disease. The incidence of the disease has increased with the increase in famele's participation in the sports. Female Athlete Triad can be identified with detailed history and physical examination, necessary precautions can be taken.
In this article, it was aimed to share different clinical presentation of Female Athlete Triad and to increase awareness in sportsmen and healthcare.