GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý metabolik sendrom (Met S) komponentlerinin postmenapozal hastalarda sýklýðý, tiroid stimule edici hormon (TSH) ve D vitamini iliþkisini deðerlendirmektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Retrospektif tek merkezli olarak tasarlanan bu çalýþmaya hastanemiz menapoz polikliniðine baþvuran 191 hasta dahil edildi. Hastalarla ilgili veriler hastane kayýtlarýndan ve hasta dosyalarýndan elde edildi. Hastalarýn demografik, antropometrik ve laboratuvar verileri kaydedildi. Metabolik sendrom (Met S) tanýsýnda revize Ulusal Kolesterol Eðitim Programý Eriþkin Tedavi Paneli III(NCEP-ATP III) taný kriterleri kullanýldý. TSH ve D vitamin düzeyi kaydedildi. Veriler istatiksel olarak deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmamýza 191 postmenapozal hasta dahil edildi. Met S olan grupla, Met S olmayan grubun yaþ ortalamasýsýrasýyla; 55,28±4,31 ve 56,8±3,64 idi. Çalýþmamýzda Met S sýklýðý %51,8 olarak bulundu. Met S olanlarda bel çevresi, kalça çevresi, vücut kitle indexi, sistolik kan basýncý, diyastolik kan basýncý, açlýk plazma glukozu, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR ve trigliserid deðerinin Met S olmayanlardan anlamlý olarak daha yüksek olduðu saptandý (p<0,05). Bel çevresi, vücut kitle indeksi, sistolik kan basýncý, diyastolik kan basýncý, açlýk plazma glikozu, insülin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR ve trigliserid deðerleri Met S’li hastalarda anlamlý olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p <0.05 ). TSH düzeyleri açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda anlamlý fark saptanmazken, D vitamin düzeyi Met S olan grupta anlamlý olarak düþük izlendi (p <0.05 ).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Met S sýklýðý postmenapozal dönemde artmaktadýr. Met S geliþiminde rol oynayan vitamin eksikliði, hormonal bozukluklar erken dönemde tespit edilerek bu riskler azaltýlabilir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (Met S) components, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and vitamin D levels in postmenopausal patients.
METHODS: This retrospective single-centered study included 191 patients who were admitted to the menopause clinic of our hospital. Data were obtained from the hospital records and patients’ files. Demographic, antropometric and laboratory measures were recorded. Revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) were used for diagnosis of Met S. TSH and vitamin D levels were recorded.
RESULTS: A total of 191 postmenopausal women were included in the study. The menopausal age of patients in the metabolic syndrome group was 55,28±4,31 and that in the non-metabolic syndrome group was 56,8±3,64 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was observed in 51.8% patients in this study. Waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and triglyceride values were found significantly higher in patients with Met S (p <0.05 ). While no significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of TSH levels, the vitamin D level was significantly lower in the group with Met S (p <0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The incidence of Met S increases in the postmenopausal period. These risks can be reduced by detecting vitamin deficiency and hormonal disorders that play a role in the development of Met S.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: 5HTT geni tarafýndan kodlanan serotonin taþýyýcý protein, serotoninin presinaptik geri alýmýndan sorumludur. Bu çalýþmada pediatrik olgularda 5-HTT genindeki promotör (5-HTTLPR) ve ikinci intron (VNTR) bölgedeki polimorfizmler ile adenotonsiller hipertrofi (ATH) arasýndaki iliþkiyi araþtýrdýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 197 çocuðun 5-HTT gen promotor 5-HTTLPR ve intronic VNTR’si Snap Shot ile genotiplendirilerek, polimorfizmlerin birbiri ve fenotip arasýndaki etkileþimler Çok Faktörlü Boyut Azaltma (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction; MDR) programý ile analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya ATH tanýsý almýþ 119 hasta (48 kýz, 71 erkek yaþ aralýðý: 3-10 yýl; ortalama yaþ: 5.38 yýl) ve 78 saðlýklý çocuk (27 kýz, 51 erkek, yaþ aralýðý: 4-13 yýl; ortalama yaþ: 6.76 yýl) dahil edildi. 5-HTTLPR (S) ve VNTR (10) allelinin tüm kalýtým modellerinde genotipik frekanslar açýsýndan, ATH’li ile kontrol grubu arasýnda anlamlý bir fark gözlenmedi (tümü için P> 0.05). Bununla birlikte, 5-HTTLPR (S) allel ve VNTR_5-HTTLPR (10 / S) haplotip ve (10/10 + S / S) diplotipinin sýklýðý ATH olgularýna göre kontrol grubunda anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti (sýrasýyla, P= 0.048, P = 0.041, P = 0.13).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: 5-HTT geninin S / S genotipi, 10 / S haplotipi ve 10/10 + S / S diplotipinin ATH’ye karþý koruyucu etkisi olabilir.

INTRODUCTION: Serotonin transporter protein which is coded by 5HTT gene is responsible for presynaptic reuptake of serotonin. In this study, we investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and in the second intron (VNTR) in the 5-HTTgene and adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) in pediatric cases.
METHODS: Genotyped of the 5-HTT gene promotor 5-HTTLPR and intronic VNTR of in 197 children were analyzed using Snap Shot, Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) software and carried out to assess the interactions among two polymorphisms and phenotype.
RESULTS: A total of 119 children with ATH (48 girls, 71 boys age range: 3-10 years; mean age: 5.38 years) and 78 healthy children (27 girls, 51 boys, age range: 4-13 years; mean age: 6.76 years) were included in this study. The frequencies of the genotype in all of inheritance models of the 5-HTTLPR and the VNTR (10) allele showed no significant differences between ATH patient and healthy controls (for all P> 0.05). However, frequency of the 5-HTTLPR (S) allele and VNTR_5-HTTLPR (10/S) haplotype and (10/10+S/S) diplotype were significantly higher in the control group compared to ATH cases (P= 0.048, P= 0.041, P= 0.13).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we observed that S/S genotype, 10/S haplotype and 10/10 + S/S diplotype of 5-HTT gene could have protective effect against ATH.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Toplumda sýklýkla rastlanan üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarýnýn oranlarýndaki deðiþim ve baþta Escherichia coliolmak üzere tüm ÜSE etkenlerinde on yýllýk süreçte izolasyon ve antibiyotik direnç oranlarýndaki artýþýn retrospektif olarak deðerlendirilmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmada Ocak 2009 ileAralýk 2018 tarihleriarasýnda yapýlan idrar kültürlerive hastalarýn demografik özellikleri, idrar kültürünün gönderildiði yer (yoðun bakým ve yoðun bakým dýþý), antibiyotik direnç oranlarý incelendi. Ýstatistiksel analizler SPSS 20.0 programý kullanýlarak yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Ýdrar kültüründe üreme olan 6916 adet sonuç retrospektif olarak deðerlendirildi.Hastalarýn 4903’ü (%70,9) (yaþ ortalamasý: 67,19±15,77) kadýn, 2013’ü (%29,1) (yaþ ortalamasý: 51,70±22,55) erkek idi. Yoðun bakýmdan gönderilen 3028 (%43,8) adet idrar kültüründe daha çok Staphylococcus (%28,9), Klebsiella (%12), Pseudomonas(%12,8), Acinetobacter (%11,7), Escherichia coli (%9,4) ve candida türleri (%8,5)izole edilirken yoðun bakýmdýþýservisve polikliniklerden gönderilen 3888 (%56,2) adet idrar kültüründe sýklýklaE. coli(%57,2) izole edilmiþtir. 18-30 yaþ grubunda yaygýn olarak E. coli(%53,8) izole edilirken 71-80 yaþ grubunda Stafilokok türleri(%21,6),E. coli(%17,7),Pseudomonas(%12,3),Klebsiella (%11,9), candida türleri(%9,8),Acinetobacter (%8,2) veEnterokok türleri(%4) gözlemlendi. 90 yaþüzerindekihasta grubunda ise ensýk olarak Staphylococcus (%19,7) ve Acinetobacter türleri (%13) izole edildi. 10 yýllýk süre boyunca giderek artan bir antibiyotik direnci vardý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Ýdrar kültürlerinden sýkça izole edilen E. coli özellikle ampisiline, TMX/sulfometoksazole ve siprofloksasine karþý yüksek oranda dirençlidir. Buna karþýn fosfomisin ve nitrofurantoine karþý ise daha duyarlýdýr. Sonuçta bu iki antibiyotiðin tüm idrar yolu enfeksiyonlarýnda kullanýlabileceði anlaþýlabilir.

INTRODUCTION: Itwas aimed to evaluate the change in the ratesofurinary tract infections(ITU), which were isolation and increased in ratesof antibiotic resistance allUTI agents atthe population especiallyEscherichia coli, for about ten years, retrospectively.
METHODS: In this study were examined urine cultures that their antibiotic resistance rates and demographic characteristicsofthepatients,thattheysentfromdepartments(intensivecareandnon-intensivecare),fromJanuary 2009 to December 2018. Statistical analyzes were made using the SPSS 20.0 program.
RESULTS: Total of 6916 urine cultures were evaluated retrospectively, of which 4903 (70.9%) were taken in women (mean age: 67.19±15.77) and 2013(29.1%) in men (mean age: 51.70±22.55). Whereas mostly Staphylococcus(28.9%), Klebsiella(12%), Pseudomonas(12.8%), Acinetobacter(11.7%), Escherichia coli(9.4%) and candida(8.5%) were isolated in 3028(43.8%) urine culturesthatsent fromintensive care, E. coli(57.2%) was frequently isolated in 3888(56.2%) urine culturesthatsentfromnon-intensive care units and polyclinics.WhileE. coli(53.8%) was isolated the most common in the 18-30 age group, Staphylococcus species(21.6%), E. coli(17.7%), Pseudomonas(12.3%), Klebsiella(11.9%), candida species(9.8%), Acinetobacter(8.2%) and Enterococci species(4%) were observed in the 71-80 age group. Most common Staphylococcus(19.7%) and Acinetobacter(13%) were isolated in the group over the age of 90. There was increasingly antibiotic resistance during the ten years.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: E. coli is highly resistant to ampicillin, TMX / sulfomethoxazole and ciprofloxacin which is frequently isolated from urine cultures, However, it is more sensitive to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. As a result, it can be understood that these two antibiotics can be used in all UTIs.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Oküler Cevap Analizörü (OCA) ve non-kontakt tonometre (NCT) kullanýlarak, kontakt lens (KL) uygulamasýndan önce ve sonraki korneal biyomekanik parametreleri ve göz içi basýncý (GÝB) ölçümlerini karþýlaþtýrmak.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu prospektif çalýþmaya 58 saðlýklý birey dahil edildi. Her bireyin sadece bir gözü rastgele seçildi. Hidrojel KL uygulamasýndan önce ve bir saat sonra OCA ile ölçülen kornea histerezisi (KH), kornea direnç faktörü (KDF), Goldmann-korelasyonlu GÝB (GÝBg), korneal kompanse GÝB (GÝBkk) ve NCT ile ölçülen GÝB karþýlaþtýrýldý (arka tepe gücü −3.00 Diopter) (1-Day Acuvue Moist-Etafilcon A, Johnson & Johnson). Veriler, t-testi kullanýlarak analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya 58 katýlýmcýnýn 58 gözü dahil edildi. 19 katýlýmcý kadýn, 39 erkek idi. Katýlýmcýlarýn yaþ ortalamasý 26.53 ± 5.09’du. Ýki farklý cihazýn ölçümleri arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark yoktu (KL olmadan ve KL ile ölçümlerde sýrasýyla p = 0,230 ve p = 0,790). KL ile yapýlan tüm ölçümler, KL olmayanlardan daha düþüktü, ancak yalnýzca NCT ile ölçülen GÝB, OCA ile ölçülen GÝBkk ve GÝBg deðerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlý derecede daha düþüktü (sýrasýyla p deðerleri <0.001, 0.023 ve 0.001).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: KL ile OCA ölçümleri tüm OCA parametrelerinde daha düþük deðerlere neden oldu ve bu farklýlýklar GÝBkk ve GÝBg deðerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlý seviyelere ulaþtý. KL kullanýlmasýndan KH ve KDF deðerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlý þekilde etkilenmedi. OCA’ya benzer þekilde, NCT ile düþük GÝB ölçümleri bulundu.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the corneal biomechanical parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements with Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and non-contact tonometry (NCT) before and after contact lens (CL) application.
METHODS: Fifty-eight healthy individuals were included in this prospective study. Only one eye of each individual was chosen randomly in. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), corneal-compensated IOP (IOPcc) measured by ORA, and IOP measured by NCT were compared before and an hour after the hydrogel CL (with back vertex power of −3.00 Diopter) (1-Day Acuvue Moist-Etafilcon A, Johnson&Johnson) application. The data were analysed using a paired sample t-test.
RESULTS: Fifty-eight eyes of 58 participants were included in the study. 19 participants were female and 39 were male. The mean age of the participants was 26.53 ± 5.09. There was no statistically significant difference between the measurements of two different devices (measurements without and with CL p = 0.230 and p =0.790, respectively). All measurements with CL were lower than those without CL, but only NCT, IOPcc and IOPg values were statistically significantly lower (p values <0.001, 0.023, and 0.001, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ORA measurements with CL caused lower values in all ORA parameters, and these differences reached statistically significant levels in IOPcc and IOPg values. CH and CRF values were not statistically significantly affected by CL wear. Similar to ORA, low IOP measurements were found with NCT.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kas ve ligamentöz yapýlar temporomandibular eklemi (TME) servikal bölgeye baðlayarak fonksiyonel bir birimoluþturur. Ýki bölgeden birinde, TME veya servikal omurgada meydana gelen deðiþiklikler, kas segmentindeki deðiþiklikler nedeniyle diðer bölgeyi etkileyebilir. Amacýmýz, temporomandibular bozukluðu olan bireylerin global postural dizilimde saðlýklý bireylerden bir farklýlýk gösterip göstermediðini objektif deðerlendirme methodu ile deðerlendirip karþýlaþtýrmaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Grup 1 (N = 30) mixed tip temporomandibular bozukluktan (TMD), Grup 2 (N = 30) saðlýklý temporomandibular eklemden oluþmakta olup, 18-35 yaþlarý arasýnda toplam 60 kiþi çalýþmaya alýndý. Postürü deðerlendirmek için PostureScreen Mobile® (PSM) ve New York Postür Skalasý (NYPS), saðlýklý eklem ve temporomandibular disfonksiyon tanýsý için ise Temporomandibular Bozukluklarda Araþtýrma Teþhis Kriterleri (RDC / TMD) kullanýldý.
BULGULAR: Sagital düzlemde diz translasyonu Grup 1’de daha yüksekti (p <0,05). Diðer bölgelerde anlamlý postüral farklýlýklar bulunmadý (p≥0,05). NYPS toplam skorlarý Grup 1’de anlamlý olarak düþüktü (p <0,05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu postural bozukluklarýn TMD’den kaynaklanabileceðini veya TMD’nin bu duruþa yol açabileceðini düþünmek yararlý olabilir. Bu hastalarda postüral dizilim konusunda dikkatli olmak, uygun tedavi programý ve olasý bozukluklarýn önlenmesi için TMD hastalarýna multidisipliner yaklaþým açýsýndan önemli olabilir.

INTRODUCTION: Muscular and ligamentous structures connect the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) to the cervical region to form a functional unit. Changes in one of the two regions, either TMJ or cervical spine, may affect the other region due to changes in the muscle segment. Our aim is to evaluate and compare whether individuals with temporomandibular disorders differ from healthy individuals in the global postural alignment by objective evaluation method.
METHODS: Group 1 (N=30) consist of mixed type temporomandibular disorder (TMD), Group 2 (N=30) consist of healthy temporomandibular joint, totally 60 individuals between the ages of 18-35 were included in this study. Posture Screen Mobile® (PSM) and New York Posture Scale (NYPS) were used for assessment of posture and Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) for diagnosis of TMD and healthy joints.
RESULTS: Knee translations from sagittal plane, were higher in Group 1 (p<0.05). No appreciable postural differences were found in other regions (p≥0.05). NYPS total scores were significantly lower in Group 1 (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It may be beneficial to consider that some postural disorders can be caused by TMD or that TMD can lead to this posture. Being careful about postural alignment in these patients may be important in terms of multidisciplinary approach to TMD patients for proper treatment program and prevention of possible disorders.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Çalýþmanýn amacý Subaksiyel servikal travma (SST) nedeniyle tek bir omurga cerrahý tarafýndan ameliyat edilen olgulara uygulanan tedavi yönetimini Subaxiyel ServikalTravma Klasifikasyonu (SLIC) ve AOSpine klasifikasyon kriterlerine göre deðerlendirmek ve olgularýn klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarýný geriye dönük olarak incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 2019-2020 yýllarý arasýnda kliniðimizde SST nedeniyle opere edilen 9 hastanýn klinik ve radyolojik sonuçlarý deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Olgularýn yaþ daðýlýmý 18 ile 74 arasýndaydý (ortalama = 46,2). Olgularýn takip süresi 5-27 (ortalama = 17.3) ay idi. Travma düzeyleri incelendiðinde 7 (%77.8) olguda C5-C6 düzeyinde, 2 olguda (%22.2) C6-C7 düzeyinde lezyonlar olduðu görüldü. Olgularýn SLIC puanlarý 5-9 (ortalama =6.4) aralýðýndaydý. Olgularýn ameliyat öncesiAmerikan Omurga Derneði Sýnýflama (ASIA)skorlarý incelendiðinde 2 olguda A, 4 olguda C, 3 olguda D olduðu görüldü.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: SSTyüksek morbidite ve mortalite riski olan patolojilerdir.Anterior, posterior veya kombine yaklaþýmlarla dekompresyon yapýlarak spinal stabilite ve nörolojik iyileþme saðlanabilir. SST’de faset eklemler kýrýk açýsýndan dikkatle deðerlendirilmeli ve stabilizasyonun yetersiz olduðunu düþündüren radyolojik bulgularýn varlýðýnda 360° füzyon yapýlmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to evaluate the treatment management applied to the cases operated by a single spinal surgeon for Subaxial cervical trauma (SCT) according to the Subaxial cervical spine injury classification (SLIC) and AOSpine criteria, and to analyze the clinical and radiological results of the cases retrospectively.
METHODS: The clinical and radiological results of 9 patients who were operated for SCT in our clinic between 2019-2020 were evaluated.
RESULTS: The age distribution of the cases was between 18 and 74 (mean = 46.2). The follow-up period of the cases was 5-27 (mean = 17.3) months. When the trauma levels were examined, it was seen that there were lesions at the C5-C6 level in 7 (77.8 %) cases and at the C6-C7 level in 2 (22.2 %) cases. The SLIC scores of the cases were in the range of 5-9 (mean =6.4). When the preoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores of the cases were examined, it was seen that it was A in 2 cases, C in 4 cases, and D in 3 cases.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: SCT are pathologies with high morbidity and mortality risk. By performing decompression with anterior, posterior or combined approaches, spinal stability and neurological recovery can be achieved. Facet joints should be carefully evaluated in terms of fractures in SCT and 360° fusion should be performed in the presence of radiological findings suggesting that the stabilization is insufficient.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn birincil amacý, malign plevral efüzyona (MPE) yol açan en yaygýn plevral maligniteleri belirlemektir. Ýkincil amaç, sývý miktarý ile radyolojik bulgular, etiyolojiler, tedavi yöntemleri ve saðkalým arasýndaki iliþkiyi deðerlendirmektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmamýza retrospektif olarak doku tanýsý almýþ MPE vakalarýný dahil ettik.
BULGULAR: MPE’nin en yaygýn nedenleri akciðer kanseri (% 73), meme kanseri (% 8.3) ve mezotelyoma (% 7) idi. Kimyasal plöredez önerilen hastalarda plöredez yaklaþýk% 31.1 oranýnda baþarýlý olmuþtur. Plevral sývý miktarý ile hücre tipi, saðkalým, pulmoner, ekstrapulmoner malignite ve mezotelyoma arasýnda iliþki bulunmadý, hastalar plöredez baþarýlý ise daha uzun saðkalýma sahipti (p = 0.005). Pulmoner, ekstrapulmoner ve mezotelyoma nedeniyle MPE’li hastalarýn medyan saðkalýmý sýrasýyla 77 ± 12.8, 150 ± 48.4 ve 365 ± 0 gündü. Mezotelyomalý hastalarýn saðkalýmý diðerlerine göre anlamlý olarak daha uzundu (P: 0.000).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: MPE’nin ana nedeni akciðer kanseriydi, ardýndan meme kanseri, primer bilinmeyen maligniteler ve mezotelyoma geldi. Kimyasal plöredez, MPE için geçerli bir palyatif önlemdi. Baþarýlý plöredezin saðkalýma önemli bir katkýsý vardý.

INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this study was to identify the most common pleural malignancies leading to malign pleural effusion (MPE). The secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between the amount of fluid and radiological findings, etiologies, treatment methods and survival.
METHODS: We retrospectively included cases of MPE with a tissue diagnosis.
RESULTS: The most common causes of MPE were lung cancer (73%), breast cancer (8.3%) and mesothelioma (7%). In patients who were offered chemical pleurodesis, pleurodesis was successful in nearly 31.1%. No relation wasfound between the amount of pleural fluid and cell type,survival, pulmonary, extrapulmonary malignancy and mesothelioma, Patients live longer if pleurodesis was successful (p = 0.005). Median survival of patients with MPE due to pulmonary, extrapulmonary and mesothelioma, respectively were 77 ± 12.8, 150 ± 48.4 and 365 ± 0 days. The survival of the patients with mesothelioma was significantly longer than others (P: 0.000).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The main cause of MPE was lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, unknown primary and mesothelioma. Chemical pleurodesis was a viable palliative measure for MPE. Successful pleurodesis had a significant contribution to the survival.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Türkiye'de ilk pandemi vakasý 11 Mart 2020'de bildirildi. Bu zamana kadar tüm ülkeler kendi teþhis ve tedavi protokollerini belirledi.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Kocaeli Üniversitesi Hastanesine pandeminin ilk ayýnda yatan COVID-19 hastalarýnýn retrospektif analizi yapýldý. Vakalar klinik, laboratuvar (RT-PCR) ve görüntüleme (CT) kriterlerine göre COVID-19 olarak tanýmlandý.Türkiye Týbbi Pandemi Konseyi, Türkiye'de COVID-19'un erken tedavisi için hidroksiklorokin (HCQ), azitromisin (AZM) ve oseltamivir (OSM) kullanýmýný önermiþtir. Bu raporda, bu erken tedavi stratejisinin sonuçlarýný paylaþmayý hedefliyoruz.
BULGULAR: Pozitif RT-PCR testi veya tipik BT bulgularý ile teþhis edilen 80 hasta arasýnda; 14'ü (% 17.5) yalnýzca HCQ aldý, 25'i (% 31.2) HCQ ve AZM aldý ve 41'i (% 51.2) HCQ, AZM ve OSM aldý. HCQ tedavisi alan grupta,% 3,7'si 5 günden az ve% 13,8'i 5 gün ve daha uzun süre hastanede kalmýþtýr; HCQ ve AZM tedavisi alan grupta,% 20'si 5 günden az ve% 11,3'ü 5 gün ve daha uzun süre hastanede kalmýþtýr. HCQ, AZM ve OSM ile tedavi edilen grupta,% 42,5'i 5 günden az ve% 8,8'i 5 gün ve daha uzun süre hastanede kalmýþtýr. Fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlýydý (p = 0.0001). Üç ilacýn birlikte uygulanmasý, COVID-19 hastalýðýna karþý sinerjik bir etkiye sahip olabilir. Ýlk aydaki verilerle elde ettiðimiz sonuçlar, erken dönemde AZM ve OSM ile birlikte kullanýldýðýnda bozulmayý önlediði ve hastanede kalýþ süresini kýsalttýðý oldu. Henüz literatürde çok fazla veri olmadýðý için olumlu deneyimlerimizi paylaþmak istedik.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Deneyimlerimize dayanarak, erken tedavinin erken iyileþme, entübasyon gereksiniminin azalmasý ve çok düþük ölüm oranýyla sonuçlandýðýný makul buluyoruz. Bu ilk kohortta, COVID-19 ile erken teþhis ve tedavi, iyi sonuçla iliþkili görünmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: The first case of pandemic was reported on March 11th of 2020 in Turkey.
METHODS: We attempted a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients who were admitted at first month of pandemic in Kocaeli University Hospital. Cases were defined as COVID-19 by clinical, laboratory (RT-PCR) and imaging (CT) criteria. From March 15th to April 20th, 80 cases were hospitalized. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin (AZM) and oseltamivir (OSM) are recommended for treatment. We aim to share the results of this early treatment strategy.


RESULTS: Among the 80 patients; 14 (17.5%) received HCQ alone, 25 (31.2%) received HCQ and AZM, and 41 (51.2%) received HCQ, AZM and OSM. In the group receiving HCQ treatment, 3.7% were hospitalized for less than 5 days and 13.8% for 5 days and longer; In the group receiving HCQ and AZM treatment, 20% were hospitalized for less than 5 days and 11.3% for 5 days and longer. In the group treated with HCQ, AZM and OSM, 42.5% were hospitalized for less than 5 days and 8.8% for 5 days and longer. (p= 0.0001). The co-administration of the three drugs may be synergistic. When used in combination with AZM and OSM in the early period, it shortened the duration of hospitalization. Since there is not much data about it in the literature yet, we wanted to share our positive experience.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Early treatment resulted in early recovery, decreased requirement for intubation, and a very low mortality rate. In this cohort, early diagnosis and treatment with COVID-19 appear to be associated with good outcome.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: T790M - pozitif ve T790M - negatif popülasyonlar arasýndaki hasta özellikleri karþýlaþtýrýldý ve ilk tirozin kinaz inhibitörü (TKI) baþarýsýzlýðýndan sonra progresyon sonrasý saðkalým (PPS) analiz edilerek yeniden biyopsi yapýlan hastalarda prognoz araþtýrýldý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Hastalarýn karakteristik özellikleri, EGFR-TKI yanýtý, rebiyopsi veya likit biyopsi sýrasýndaki EGFR durumu, rebiyopsi öncesi uygulanan tedavi (kemoterapi/ EGFR-TKI), ilk EGFR-TKI’a direnç geliþtikten sonraki tedavi ve biyopsi zamaný (ilk EGFR-TKI baþarýsýzlýðý sonrasý) araþtýrýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: T790M mutasyonu pozitif ve negatif olan iki grup arasýnda yaþ, cinsiyet ve metastaz yeri arasýnda fark saptanmadý. Yalnýzca T790M mutasyonu pozitif olan hastalarda TKÝ kullanýmý sonrasý progresyonun negatif olanlara göre daha fazla olduðu görüldü (p: 0.001). TKÝ kullanan hastalarda progresyonsuz median saðkalým T790M mutasyonu olan grupta 19,33 ay iken negative olan grupta 22.25 ay olarak saptandý. Genel saðkalým T790M pozitif ve negative olan grupta sýrasýyla 75 ay ve 27,5 ay olarak bulundu ve bu istatistiksel olarak anlamlý idi (p: 0.009).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Genel saðkalým T790M pozitif grupta,T790M negatif gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlý düzeyde uzun olarak saptandý. Ayrýca EGFR-TKI kullanýmý sonrasý progresyon olan ve doku biyopsisi yaptýrmak istemeyen hastalara likit biyopsisinin birkaç kez yapýlabilir.

INTRODUCTION: To compare patient characteristics between the T790M-positive and T790M-negative 29.06.2021 populations, and to analyze the post-progression survival (PPS) after initial tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) failure in order to investigate the prognosis in patients undergoing rebiopsy.
METHODS: We investigated the patient characteristics, including the initial EGFR-TKI response and T790M status at the time of rebiopsy or liquid biopsy, subsequent treatment after resistance to the initial EGFR-TKI (the presence of EGFR-TKI re-challenge), treatment just before biopsy and/or rebiopsy (EGFR-TKIs or chemotherapy), the timing of the rebiopsy (just after the initial EGFR-TKI failure or others).
RESULTS: No difference was found between the two groups with T790M mutation positive and negative in terms of age, gender, and metastasis location. Only patients with positive T790M mutation had higher progression after TKI use compared to negative ones (p: 0.000). The progression-free median survival in patients using TKI was 19.33 months in the group with T790M mutation and 22.25 months in the negative group. Overall survival was found to be 75 months and 27.5 months in the T790M positive and negative group, respectively, and this was statistically significant. (p: 0.009).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Overall survival was significantly longer in the T790M positive group than in the T790M negative group. In addition, liquid biopsy can be performed several times for patients with progression after EGFR-TKI use and who do not want to undergo tissue biopsy.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Rotator kýlýf yýrtýðý omuz aðrýsý ve kýsýtlýlýðýnýn sýk görülen bir sebebidir. Yaþ, ek hastalýklar, preoperatif kas atrofisi ve yaðlý dejenerasyon gibi bir çok faktör rotator kýlýf tamiri sonuçlarýný etkileyebilmektedir. Çalýþmanýn amacý obezitenin artroskopik rotator kýlýf tamiri yapýlan hastalarda fonksiyonel sonuçlara ve komplikasyon sýklýðýna etkisini incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 217-2019 yýllarý arasýnda artroskopik rotator kýlýf tamiri yapýlan 154 hasta çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Hastalar obez olmayan (Grup 1 [n=118], 76.6%, 56 kadýn, 62 erkek) ve obez olan olarak iki gruba ayrýldý (Grup 2 [n=36], 23.4%, 25 kadýn, 11 erkek). Sonuçlarý ölçmek için Constant Murley Skoru (CS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon’s (ASES) skoru, Visual analogue scale (VAS) skoru ve Short-Form 36 (SF-36) skoru kullanýldý. Cerrahi süresi, hastane yatýþ süresi ve komplikasyon sýklýklarý her iki grup arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: Preoperatif ve postoperatif CS, ASES, SF-36 skorlarý obez grupta daha düþüktü ayrýca VAS skoru obez grupta anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti(P=0.000). Rerüptür oraný obez grupta daha yüksekti (27% vs. 4.2%, P=0.000). Cerrahi süre ve hastane yatýþý obez grupta daha yüksekti (P=0.000).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Obez gruptaki hastalarýn preoperatif ve postoperatif fonskiyonal sonuçlarý ve hayat kalitesi skorlarý obez olmayan hastalara göre anlamlý olarak düþük olarak görülmüþtür. Ayrýca reruptur oranlarý obez grupta daha yüksektir.

INTRODUCTION: Rotator cuff tear is a common cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. Many factors, including age, comorbidities, pre-operative muscle atrophy, and fatty degeneration, may affect functional outcomes after rotator cuff repair (RCR). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on functional outcomes and complication rates after arthroscopic RCR.
METHODS: A total of 154 patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR between 2017 and 2019 were included in the study. Patients divided into two groups as non-obese (Group 1 [n=118], 76.6%, 56 females, 62 males) and obese (Group 2 [n=36], 23.4%, 25 females, 11 males). Constant-Murley Score (CS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon’s score (ASES), Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Short-Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life scale were used in the measurement of outcomes. Length of surgery, hospital stay, and complications were compared between the two groups (P=0.000).
RESULTS: Both pre-operative and postoperative CS, ASES, and SF-36 scores were significantly lower in the obese group (P=0.000). Also, the VAS score was higher in Group 2. The re-tear rate was significantly higher in obese group (27% vs. 4.2%, P=0.000). The duration of the surgery and hospital stay were significantly higher in the obese.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Obese group have worse pre-operative and postoperative functional outcome scores and life quality measures when compared to non-obese patients. Also, re-tear rates are higher in obese patients.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kanser hastalarý, hastalýða baðlý olarak çeþitli fiziksel ve psikolojik problemler yaþamaktadýr. Saðlýklý bireylerde kansere karþý genel tutumlarýn negatif hale gelmesiyle, kanserin iyileþtirilebilirliðine yönelik tutumlarýn da negatif olduðu tespit edilmiþtir. Biz saðlýklý bireylerin kansere bakýþ açýsýndaki farklýlýklarýn deðerlendirilmesini, saðlýk çalýþanlarý ve saðlýk çalýþaný olmayan bireylerin bu açýdan karþýlaþtýrýlmasýný amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Anket, saðlýk çalýþaný olan ve saðlýk çalýþaný olmayan kiþilerden oluþan iki ayrý grup arasýnda yüz yüze dolduruldu. Her iki grubun kansere yaklaþýmlarý, ilk olarak katýlýmcýlarýn demografik ve mesleki özelliklerinin sorgulandýðý 11 sorudan oluþan bu anket aracýlýðýyla deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Ankette beþ soruya verilen cevaplar açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulundu (p <0.01). Bu sorular, yakýnýnda kanser teþhisi olan birinin olup olmadýðý, kanser tarama programlarýna katýlým düzeyi, kanser teþhisinin hastayla paylaþýlmasý, ötenazi hakký ve kanser tanýsýný yakýnlarýyla paylaþma kararý ile ilgiliydi. Diðer sorulara verilen cevaplar açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark bulunmamýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Ankette yer alan sorulara verilen cevaplar açýsýndan iki grup arasýnda anlamlý bir fark vardý. Saðlýk çalýþanlarýnýn kanser hastalarýyla daha fazla temasý olduðu ve özellikle bu hastalarýn teþhis ve tedavi sürecini, herhangi bir saðlýk çalýþaný olmayan gruba kýyasla daha yakýndan takip edebilmelerinin bu sonucu elde etmede etkili olduðunu düþünüyoruz.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients may experience various physical and psychological problems depending on the disease. It has been determined that as the general attitudes taken towards cancer have become negative in healthy individuals, attitudes taken towards the curability of cancer have also become negative. We aimed to evaluate the differences in the perspective of healthy individuals on cancer, and to compare healthcare professionals and non-healthcare professionals from this point of view.
METHODS: The questionnaire was filled out face-to-face by two separate groups of people, one of which comprised healthcare professionals and the other comprised people that are not healthcare professionals. Both groups’approachesto cancer were evaluated by means ofthis questionnaire consisting of 11 questions, through which the demographic and professional characteristics of the participants were questioned first.
RESULTS: A statistically significant difference (p <0.01) was found between the two groups in terms of the answers given to the following five questions. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of answers given to other questions.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the answers given to certain questions included in the questionnaire. We think that the fact that healthcare professionals have more contact with cancer patients and especially that they can follow the diagnosis and treatment process of such patients more closely, compared to the group, which does not include any healthcare professionals, was effective in obtaining this result.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Trigeminal nevralji (TN), trigeminal sinirin bir veya daha fazla dalýnýn uyaranlar tarafýndan tetiklenmesi sonucu geliþir. Çoðu TN vakasý genellikle trigeminal sinir kökünün pons’tan çýkýþýndan birkaç milimetre sonra kompresyonundan kaynaklanýr. Bu çalýþmada, TN tanýsýyla kliniðe baþvuran ve hiçbir tedaviye yanýt vermeyen hastalarýn tedavisinde mikrovasküler dekompresyon cerrahisi yaklaþýmý ve sonuçlarý ile ilgili deneyimlerimizi sunmayý amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 2020-2021 yýllarý arasýnda kliniðe baþvuran toplam 7 TN’li hastaya mikrovasküler dekompresyon (MVD) cerrahisi uygulandý ve hastalarýn bilgileri geriye dönük olarak cerrahi raporlarý, epikrizleri ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleri (MRG) kullanýlarak deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: TN’li 7 hastanýn hepsine baþlangýçta karbamazepin ve/veya okskarbazepin, radyofrekans termokoagülasyon tedavisi ve gamma knife radyocerrahi uygulandýðý görüldü. Ardýndan tüm hastalara MVD cerrahisi uygulandý. Postoperatif dönemde komplikasyon geliþmedi ve tüm hastalarda TN þikayetleri erken dönemde tamamen düzeldi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Tedaviye yanýt vermeyen hastalarda ince kesit ‘constructive interference of steady state (CISS)’ sekanslý kraniyal MRG intrakraniyal patolojilerin neden olduðu trigeminal sinir kompresyonunu saptamak için yararlýdýr ve MVD cerrahisi tedavide önemlidir.

INTRODUCTION: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) develops as a result of the trigger of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve by stimuli. Most cases of TN are usually caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve root, within a few millimeters from its exit from the pons. In this study, we aimed to present our experience regarding the microvascular decompression surgical approach and itsresults in the treatment of patients who applied to the clinic with a diagnosis of TN and who did not respond to any of the treatments.
METHODS: Microvascular decompression (MVD)surgery was performed on a total of 7 patients with TN who applied to the clinic between 2020 and 2021, and the information of the patients was retrospectively evaluated using surgery reports, epicrisis, and magnetic resonance images (MRI).
RESULTS: It was observed that all 7 patients with TN were initially administrated carbamazepine and/or oxcarbazepine, implemented radiofrequency thermocoagulation treatment and gamma knife radiosurgery. Subsequently, all the patients underwent MVD surgery. No complications developed in the postoperative period and complaints of TN in all patients completely resolved in the early period.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In patients who are unresponsive to treatments, thin-section ‘constructive interference of steady state (CISS)’ sequence cranial MRI are useful to detect trigeminal nerve compression caused by intracranial pathologies, and MVD surgery is important in the treatment.

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Desendan nekrotizan mediastinit (DNM) nadir, fakat yüksek oranda ölümcül seyreden bir durumdur. Sýklýkla orofarengeal veya odontojenik þiddetli enfeksiyonlara baðlý geliþen bir komplikasyondur. Erken taný, uygun antibiyoterapi ve cerrahi giriþimle iyileþme olasýdýr. Servikal enfeksiyonun komþuluk yolu ile yayýlmasý mediastinite yol açar. Enfeksiyon plevral ve perikardiyal boþluklara ve hatta batýn içine, boyundaki derin fasyalarýn oluþturduðu boþluklar boyunca yayýlýr. Ampiyem, plevral ve perikart efüzyonu, peritonit, intratorasik hemoraji ve kardiyak tamponada neden olan ve mortalitesi yüksek bir enfeksiyondur (%47). Bu yazýda, oldukça nadir görülmesi, yüksek mortaliteye sahip olmasý ve baþarýlý tedavisi nedeniyle DNM’li olgu sunuldu.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare but highly mortal condition. It is a complication that develops commonly due to severe oropharyngeal or odontogenic infections. Early diagnosis, appropriate antibiotherapy and recovery with surgical intervention is possible. The spread of cervical infection via adjacent anatomical structures leads to mediastinitis. The infection spreads into the pleural and pericardial cavities and even into the abdomen, through the deep fascial spaces. DNM is an infection having high mortality rates (47%) by causing empyema, pleural and pericardial effusion, peritonitis, intrathorasic hemorrhage and cardiac tamponade. In this article, a case of DNM was presented due to its extremely rare incidence, high mortality rate and successful management.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada hastanemizde kontrolleri yürütülen denetimli serbestlik kapsamýndaki olgular sosyodemografik özellikleri, madde baþlangýç yaþý, kullanýlan madde türü gibi deðiþkenler açýsýndan deðerlendirilmeye çalýþýlmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 01.01.2018 - 02.12.2018 tarihleri arasýnda denetimliserbestlik kapsamýnda psikiyatri polikliniðine yönlendirilen 554 olgu çalýþmaya dahil edilmiþtir. Bu olgular yaþ, cinsiyet, eðitim durumlarý gibi sosyodemografik özellikleri ile klinik tanýlarý açýsýndan deðerlendirilerek, idrar tahlillerine bakýlarak ve verilen hasta beyanlarý ile kullanýlan madde türü bakýmýndan sýnýflandýrýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmamýzda denetimli serbestlik birimine baþvuran olgularýn 10’u kadýn (%1,8), 544’ü (%98.2) erkek olurken, grubun yaþ ortalamasý 30.88 ±10,304 (15-69) yýl olarak saptanmýþtýr. Eðitim düzeyi 94 (%17) ilkokul, 432(%78) orta öðretim, 28(%5,1) yüksek okul olarak tespit edilmiþtir. Kullanýlan madde bakýmýndan en çok esrar, 487(%87,9) olguda, en az Benzodiazepin, 2(%0,4) olguda tespit edilmiþtir. En çok olgu 15-29 yaþ aralýðýnda 286 (%51,5) görülürken, 18 yaþ altý 9 olgunýn bulunmasý erken baþlangýç yaþýna dikkat çekmektedir.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Denetimli serbestlik birimi kapsamýnda takip edilen olgularda sosyodemografik özelliklerin kullanýlan madde ve kullaným süreleri ile iliþkili olduðu çýkarýmý yapýlmýþ, kullanýlan madde türünün yaþ ve eðitim düzeyleri ile iliþkili olduðu tespit edilmiþtir. Yaþ ortalamasýnýn geçmiþ yýllarda yapýlan çalýþmalara oranla daha düþük olduðu görülmüþtür. Çalýþmamýz madde kullanýmý ile ilgili oranlarýn daha somut veriler ile gün yüzüne çýkarýlmasý açýsýndan literatüre katký niteliði taþýmakta ve önleyici çalýþmalarýn önemini açýkça ortaya koymaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we tried to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics of the cases under probation, who were controlled in our hospital, in terms of variables such as the age of onset of the substance of variables such asthe age of onset of the substance and the type of substance used.
METHODS: In this study; 554 cases were referred to psychiatry policlinic between 01/01/2018 and 02/12/2018. These cases were evaluated in terms of their sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, educational status, and their clinical diagnosis. They were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patient statements.
RESULTS: In our study, 10 (1,8%) were and 544 (98.2%) were male and the mean age was 30,88 ± 10,304 (15-69) years. The level of education was 94 (17%) for primary school, 432 (78%) for secondary and 28 (5,1%) as high schools. Thc, 487 (87,9%), and at least Bzo, 2 (0.4%) cases were determined in terms of the substance used. The highest number of cases was 286 (51,5%) and 15-29 years old.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was deduced that the socio-demographic characteristics of the cases followed up within the probation unit were related to substance used and the duration of use, and it was found that the type ofsubstance used wasrelated to age and education levels. It has been observed that the average age islower than the studies conducted in the previous years. We think that our study will contribute to the literature in terms of revealing the rates of substance use with more concrete data.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý kronik santral seröz koryoretinopatide(SSKR) aktivayon ve remisyon dönemlerinde kan parametrelerindeki deðiþimi incelemek.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu retrospektif çalýþmada, aktivasyon döneminde olan kronik SSKR’li 36 hasta (Grup 1) ve remisyon dönemindeki kronik SSKR’li 41 hasta (Grup 2)’ nýn kan parametreleri kayýt altýna alýndý. Çalýþmaya dahil edilen tüm hastalardan venöz kan örnekleri alýndý ve tam kan sayýmý yapýldý. Her bir grupta kan parametrelerinin sonuçlarý analiz edildi.
BULGULAR: Ortalama serum beyaz kan hücresi (WBC) deðerleri Grup 1’de 7.87 ± 2.21 (10 ^ 3 / uL) ve Grup 2’de 7.35 ± 1.26 (10 ^ 3 / uL) istatiksel olarak anlamlý deðildi (p= 0.390). Kýrmýzý kan hücrelerinin(RBC) ortalama serum düzeyi Grup 1’de 5.07 ± 0.42 (10 ^ 6 / uL) ve Grup 2’de 4.98 ± 0.63 (10 ^ 6 / uL) idi (p= 0.321). Trombosit(PLT) ortalama serum düzeyi Grup 1’de 237.58±53.08 (10 ^ 3 / uL) ve Grup 2’de 218.72±54.16 (10 ^ 3 / uL) idi(p=0.149). Trombosit krit (PCT) düzeyleri Grup 1’de Grup 2’ye göre anlamlý olarak artmýþtý (p= 0.003). Ortalama platelet hacmi (MPV) deðerleri grup 1’de (9.44±1.17 fL) grup 2’ye göre (7.28±0.76 fL) istatiksel olarak anlamlý oranda artmýþtý (p= 0.016).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Aktivasyon süresi boyunca MPV ve PCT’nin yüksek serum seviyeleri, kronik SSKR’de tromboza eðilimi arttýrabilmekte ve koroidal iskemi ile birlikte mikroinfakt oluþumunu tetikleyebilmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in blood parameters during the activation and remission periods of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR).
METHODS: In this retrospective study, results of the blood parameters of 36 patients (Group 1) with cCSCR during activation period and 41 patients (Group 2) with cCSCR during remission period were recorded.
RESULTS: The mean serum white blood cell (WBC) values in Group 1 were 7.87 ± 2.21 (10 ^ 3 / LL) and in Group 2, 7.35 ± 1.26 (10 ^ 3 / LL) were not statistically significant (p = 0.390). The mean serum levels of red blood cells (RBC) were 5.07 ± 0.42 (10 ^ 6 / LL) in Group 1 and 4.98 ± 0.63 (10 ^ 6 / LL) in Group 2 (p = 0.321), respectively. The mean serum levels of platelet (PLT) were 237.58 ± 53.08 (10 ^ 3 / LL) in Group 1 and 218.72 ± 54.16 (10 ^ 3 / LL) in Group 2 (p = 0.149), respectively. Platelet crite (PCT) levels were significantly increased in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p = 0.003). Mean platelet volume (MPV) values were significantly increased in group 1 (9.44 ± 1.17 fL) compared to group 2 (7.28 ± 0.76 fL) (p = 0.016).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High MPV and PCT serum levels during the activation period can provoke the tendency of thrombosis in cCSCR and moreover may induce choroidal ischemia and microinfarct formation.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Gebelerdeki tiroid fonksiyon bozukluklarý ile preeklampsi arasýndaki iliþkiyi araþtýrýp; bu iliþkinin preeklampsinin þiddetlenmesini öngörmedeki yerini tespit edip, perinatal sonuçlara etkisini araþtýrmak.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmaya 28-41.gebelik haftalarý arasýnda olan, 60 adet preeklampsi tanýsý almýþ ardýþýk tekiz gebeliði olan kadýnlar dahil edildi. Herhangi bir medikal ve obstetrik problemi olmayan normotansif 44 saðlýklý tekiz gebe, kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Tüm preeklamptik gebeler, aðýr preeklampsi ve diðer preeklampsi olarak iki alt gruba ayrýldý. Gruplar arsýndaki temel demografik veriler, yenidoðan aðýrlýðý, cinsiyeti ve 1.dk APGAR skorlarý ile serum biyokimya, hemogram ve tiroid stimüle edici hormon (TSH), total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4) düzeyleri karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: Bu prospektif çalýþmaya preeklampsi tanýsý almýþ 60 gebe ve 44 normotansif saðlýklý gebe dahil edildi. Aðýr preeklampsi, diðer preeklampsi ve saðlýklý gebe gruplarý tiroid fonksiyon testleri açýsýndan karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda; serum TSH deðerleri, aðýr preeklampsi grubunda, diðer preeklampsi ve saðlýklý gebelere oranla anlamlý derecede yüksek iken (sýrasýyla 6.04 ± 9.63 μlU/ml, 2.76 ± 1.86 μlU/ml ve 2.72 ± 1.70 μlU/ml, p<0.001) TT3 ve TT4 deðerleri, hem diðer preeklampsili hem de aðýr preeklampsili gebelerde saðlýklý gebelere kýyasla düþük ölçüldü. Tüm preeklamptik gebelerde saðlýklý gebelere kýyasla yenidoðan aðýrlýðý ve 1. dakika APGAR skorlarý daha düþüktü. Sezaryen doðum oraný preeklamptik gebelerde saðlýklý gebelere oranla daha yüksekti.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Tüm preeklamptik gebelerde serum TSH seviyelerinin artmakta, TT3 ve TT4 seviyelerinin ise azalmakta olduðu tesbit edilmiþtir. Alt grup analizleri deðerlendirildiðinde, aðýr preeklampsili gebelerde, diðer preeklampsili gebelere kýyasla TSH düzeylerindeki anlamlý artýþ, TSH düzeylerinin preeklampsinin þiddetini belirlemede faydalý olabileceði yönünde ipucu vermektedir.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the relationship between impaired thyroid function tests in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia, to determine the role of this relationship in the prediction of the severity of pre-eclampsia, and to evaluate the effect on perinatal outcomes.
METHODS: The study included 60 consecutive patients in the 28th-41st gestational week of a single pregnancy, diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, and a control group of 44 healthy, normotensive patients at the same stage of a single pregnancy with no medical problems. The pre-eclamptic patients were separated into two groups as severe pre-eclampsia and other pre-eclampsia. The groups were compared in respect of demographic data.
RESULTS: This prospective, controlled study included 60 pregnant patients diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and 44 healthy pregnant patients. When the severe pre-eclampsia, other pre-eclampsia and the healthy control groups were compared in respect of thyroid function tests, TSH was determined to be statistically significantly higher in severe pre-eclampsia group than in other pre-eclampsia group and the control group (6.04 ± 9.63 μlU/ml, 2.76 ± 1.86 μlU/ml ve 2.72 ± 1.70 μlU/ml, respectively, p<0.001). TT3 and TT4 were lower in both the severe pre-eclampsia and other pre-eclampsia groups compared to the healthy control group
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: TSH levels were increased and the TT3 and TT4 levels were decreased in all the pre-eclamptic pregnancies. In the sub-group analyses, there was a statistically significant increase in the TSH levels of the severe pre-eclampsia group compared to those of the other pre-eclampsia group. It can therefore be considered that TSH levels may be useful in determining the severity of pre-eclampsia.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Ýntravenöz trombolitik (iv-tPA) tedavi, akut iskemik inmeli hastalarýn tedavisinde önerilen bir yöntemdir. Bu çalýþmadaki amacýmýz iv-tPA’nýn hastalarýmýzdaki etkinliðini ve yan etkilerini incelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Merkezimizde 2018-2020 yýllarý arasýnda 0,9mg/kg dozunda iv-tPA alan hastlarýn verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
BULGULAR: Merkezimizde 2018-2020 yýllarý arasýnda 49 hastanýn iv-tPA ile tedavi edildiði saptandý. Iv-tPA ile tedavi edilen hastalarýn 24. saat NIHSS skorlarýnýn tedavi öncesi NIHSS skorlarýna göre belirgin düþük olduðu izlendi(tedavi öncesi 8,3±4,1; 24. saat 4,9±5,1, p=0,000). Hastalarýn 38’inde (%77,6) iyi klinik prognozun olduðu izendi. Üç (%6,1) hastada intraserebral kanama olduðu izlendi. Ýntraserebral kanama olan hastalarda sistolik kan basýncýnýn(kanama olanlar: 163±59 mmHg, kanama olmayanlar: 141±25 mmHg p=0,014), serum glukoz düzeyinin(kanama olanlar: 173±117 mg/dl, kanama olmayanlar: 124±45mg/dl, p=0,007) ve kapý-iðne sürelerinin(kanama olanlar: 125±9 dk, kanama olmayanlar: 137±54 dk p=0,029) daha yüksek olduðu izlendi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýz iv-tPA’nýn akut iskemik inmeli hastalarýn klinik bulgularýný düzelttiðini gösterdi. Ayrýca yüksek serum glukoz düzeyi ve sistolik kan basýncýnýn da intraserebral kanama riskini artýrdýðý izlendi.

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous thrombolytic (iv-tPA) treatment is a recommended treatment in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of this treatment on our patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the datas of patients with AIS treated with 0,9 mg/kg iv-tPA between 2018-2020.
RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were treated with iv-tPA between 2018 and 2020. NIHSS scores at 24th hour were found significantly decreased compared with at onset(8,3±4,1 at onset, 4,9±5,1 at 24th hour, p=0,000). Thirty-eight (%77,6) patients had good clinical outcome. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was spotted in 3 (6,1%) patients. Systolic blood pressure (ICH group: 163±59 mmHg, non-ICH group: 141±25 mmHg p=0,014), serum glucose level(ICH group: 173±117 mg/dl, non-ICH group: 124±45mg/dl, p=0,007) and mean door-needle time (ICH group: 125±9 min., non-ICH group: 137±54 min. p=0,029) were found significantly increased in patients with ICH. Total 4 (8,2%) patients died after iv-tPA treatment.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study showed that iv-tPA improves the clinical findings of AIS. Additinally high serume glucose level and systolic blood pressure may increase the risk of ICH.

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Böbrek taþý için ekstrakorporeal þok dalga litotripsi (ESWL) tedavisi uygulanan radikülopatiyi taklit eden nöropatili 57 yaþýnda bir kadýn hasta sunduk. Ýkinci seans ESWL sonrasý hasta, belin sol tarafýnda ve sol ayaðýn tabanýnda þiddetli aðrý, sol ayak tabanýnda karýncalanma ve yanma olduðunu belirtti. ESWL'den önce hiç þikayeti yoktu. Nörolojik muayeneden sonra, hastaya ESWL'nin omurilik sinir kökleri üzerindeki olasý etkileri nedeniyle nöropati teþhisi konuldu. Pregabalin 75 mg p.o günde iki kez baþlandý. Altýncý ayýn sonunda hastanýn sempmtomlarýnýn þiddeti kademeli olarak azaldý. Bu olgu, hedeflenen ESWL bölgesine komþu bölgelerdeki nöronal yapýlarýn þok dalgalarýndan etkilenebileceðini göstermektedir.

We presented a 57-year-old female patient with neuropathy mimicking radiculopathy who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment for renal stone. After the second session of ESWL, the patient reported severe pain on the left side of the waist and sole of the left foot, tingling and burning of the sole of the left foot. She had no complaints before ESWL. After neurological examination, the patient was diagnosed as neuropathy due to the possible effects of ESWL on the spinal cord roots. Pregabalin 75 mg twice a day was started and her symptoms were gradually recovered during the six months. This case demonstrates that neuronal structures in the regions adjacent to the targeted ESWL region can be affected by shock waves.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Günümüzde ilerleyen teknoloji ile birlikte daha fazla radyasyona maruz kalmaktayýz. Radyasyon maruziyetinin biyolojik sistemlerdeki etkilerini inceleyen çok sayýda çalýþma olmasýna raðmen hipertansiflerdeki etkilerini inceleyen çalýþma bulunmamaktadýr.
Bu çalýþmada hipertansif ve hipertansif olmayan sýçanlarýn testis dokusunda 2100 MHz RFR nin oksidatif strese etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladýk.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 24 adet, erkek Wistar Albino sýçan 4 gruba ayrýldý; 1) Kontrol (K), 2) Kontrol+Hipertansiyon (K+H), 3) Radyasyon (R), 4) Radyasyon+Hipertansiyon (R+H). Sýçanlarda hipertansiyonu indüklemek için 1 ay süre ile 1 ml çeþme suyunda çözünen 60 mg/kg L-NAME oral gavaj ile verildi. Sýçanlar 2100 MHz RFR’ye günde 60 dakika/5 gün/8 hafta boyunca maruz býrakýldý. Uygulamalarýn bitiminde sýçanlar anestezi altýnda dekapite edilerek testis dokusunda göstergesi malondialdehit (MDA), Nitrit+nitrat (NOx) ve glutatyon (GSH) düzeyleri çalýþýldý. Sonuçlar One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests ile karþýlaþtýrýldý. p<0.05 olanlar anlamlý kabul edildi.
BULGULAR: R ve H+R gruplarýnýn testis dokusunda hem C grubu hemde H grubu ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda MDA ve NOx düzeylerinde artýþ, GSH düzeylerinde ise azalma olduðu belirlendi (p<0.01).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Hipertansif olan ve hipertansif olmayan sýçanlarýn testis dokusunda radyasyon maruziyeti oksidatif streste ayný oranda artýþa neden oldu. Hem hipertansiflerde hemde hipertansif olmayanlarda radyasyon maruziyetine baðlý artan oksidatif stres erkek üreme sistemini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir.

INTRODUCTION: Nowadays exposure to radiation has been increasing with the advancement of technology. Although considerable research has focused on the effects of radiation exposure on biological systems, its effect on hypertensives has previously never been addressed. In this study, the effect of 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation (RFR) on oxidative stress on testicular tissue of hypertensive and non-hypertensive rats is aimed to be investigated.
METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were allocated into four groups: 1) Control (C), 2) Control +Hypertension (C+H), 3) Radiation (R), 4) Hypertension+ Radiation (H+R). In order to induce hypertension in rats, 60 mg/kg L-NAME dissolved in 1 ml tap water was orally administered to rats for one month. Rats were exposed to 2100 MHz RFR for 60 min /day, 5 days/ week for 8 weeks. Following the experiments, the rats were decapitated under anesthesia and malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitrite+nitrate (NOx) and glutathione (GSH) levels were examined on testicular tissue. Results were compared with One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey tests. Values of p<0.05 were accepted as significant.
RESULTS: When testicular tissues of R and H+R groups were compared with those of C and H groups, MDA and NOx levels were seen to increase while GSH levels decreased (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Radiation exposure led to an equal amount of increase of oxidative stress on testicular tissues of hypertensive and non-hypertensive rats. Oxidative stress caused by radiation exposure may negatively affect male reproductive system in both hypertensives and non-hypertensives.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Dinamik Kontrastlý Manyetik Rezonans Perfüzyon görüntüleme (DK-MRPG) ve T2 relaksometri parametrelerinin yumuþak dokudaki benign ve malign kitlelerin ayýrýmýnda tanýsal doðruluðunu deðerlendirmek.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmaya 36 hastada saptanan 36 yumuþak doku kitlesi dahil edilmiþtir (17 malign, 19 benign). MR görüntüleri 3T MRG cihazý (Philips MR Systems Achieva Release 2.6.3.7, Eindhoven, Netherlands) ile çalýþýlmýþtýr. MRG sýrasýnda her hastaya T2 Perfüzyon ile T2 relaksometri uygulanmýþ ve yumuþak doku kitlelerinde Index, Negative Integral (NI), Mean Transit Time (MTT), Time to Peak (TTP), Time of Arrival (T0) ve T2 relaksometri zamaný (ortalama deðeri) ölçülmüþtür. Bu parametreler benign-malign lezyonlar arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýlmýþtýr.
BULGULAR: Benign ve malign kitleler arasýnda lezyonlarýn maksimum boyutu ile NI deðerlerinin farklýlýklarý istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bulundu (sýrasýyla p = 0.01 ve p = 0.001). Peritümöral ödem varlýðý ile malignite arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir iliþki vardý (p = 0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Benign-malign yumuþak doku kitlelerinin ayrýmýnda T2 perfüzyon NI deðeri, konvansiyonel MRG ve klinik bulgularla birlikte deðerlendirildiðinde deðerli bilgiler saðlayabilir. Benign-malign kitleler arasýndaki örtüþme nedeniyle T2 relaksasyon zamaný bu konuda yardýmcý olmamýþtýr.

INTRODUCTION: Our study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performances of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging (DCE-MRPI) and T2 relaxation (T2 Mapping) parameters in the differentiation of benign and malignant soft tissue masses.
METHODS: The study included 36 patients with 36 soft tissue masses (17 malignant and 19 benign). Imaging was performed using a 3 Tesla MRI, T2 perfusion and T2 relaxation studies were performed and Index, Negative Integral (NI), Mean Transit Time (MTT), Time to Peak (TTP), Time of Arrival (T0), and mean value of T2 relaxation time were calculated. Then, these parameters were compared between benign and malignant lesions.

RESULTS: The differences of the maximum dimension of the lesions and NI values between benign and malignant masses were found statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001 respectively). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of peritumoral edema and malignancy (p =0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: For the differentiation of benign from malignant soft tissue masses NI value may provide added information, when combined with conventional MRI and clinical findings. T2 relaxation times were not helpful in this regard due to significant overlap between benign and malignant masses.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Çalýþmanýn amacý açýklanamayan infertilite nedeniyle ovulasyon indüksiyon tedavisi uygulanan hastalarýn ilk baþvuru sýrasýnda yapýlan spermiogram deðerlendirilmesinde asemptomatik lökositospermi saptanan ve saptanmayan hastalar arasýnda gebelik oranlarý açýsýndan fark olup olmadýðýný araþtýrmaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Açýklanamayan infertilite tanýsý ile, CC-IUI ya da KOH-IUI uygulanan 22-40 yaþ aralýðýndaki hastalar çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Kadýn hastalarýn yaþý, infertilite süresi, uygulanan tedavi protokolu [(CC-IUI) vs (KOH-IUI)], tedavide kaçýncý siklus olduðu, IUI sonrasý 12. gün β-hCG seviyesi, klinik gebelik ve canlý doðum oranlarý lökositospermi saptanan ve saptanmayan hastalar arasýnda karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: Lökositospermi (-) ve lökositospermi (+) olan gruplar arasýnda yaþ, infertilite süresi, siklus sayýsý, tedavi protokolü,β-hCG pozitifliði,klinik gebelik açýsýndan istatistiksel olarak anlamlý (p ˃ 0.05) farklýlýk göstermedi. Lökositospermi (+) olan grupta canlý doðum oraný lökositospermi (-) olan gruptan istatistiksel olarak anlamlý düþük saptandý (sýrasýyla %5.7 vs %23.7, p ˂ 0.05). CC-IUI tedavisi alan hastalarda lökositospermi (+) ve (-) gruplar arasýnda β-hCG pozitifliði, klinik gebelik oraný anlamlý farklýlýk göstermezken (p˃0.05), lökositospermi (-) grupta canlý doðum oraný lökositospermi (+) olan gruptan anlamlý olarak daha yüksekti (p =0.037). KOH-IUI tedavisi alan hastalarda lökositospermi (-) olan grupta β-hCG pozitifliði, klinik gebelik oraný, canlý doðum oraný lökositospermi (+) olan gruptan istatistiki olarak anlamlý yüksek olarak saptandý (sýrasýyla, p =0.016, p=0.004, p=0.002)
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Açýklanamayan infertilite nedeniyle ovulasyon induksiyonu yapýlan hastalarda asemptomatik lökositospermi klinik gebelik ve canlý doðum oranlarýný etkilemektedir.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the asymptomatic leukocytospermia, detected in the spermiogram evaluation performed during the first admission of patients who underwent ovulation induction therapy due to unexplained infertility, affects pregnancy rates.
METHODS: Patients with an unexplained diagnosis of infertility, who were administered CC-IUI, or KOH-IUI, with the ages in a range of 22-40 years were included in the study. Age of the patients, duration of infertility, treatment protocol [(CC-IUI) vs (KOH-IUI)], the cycle of treatment, β-hCG level on the 12th day after IUI, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were compared between patients with and without leukocytospermia.
RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups in terms of age, duration of infertility, number of cycles, treatment protocol, β-hCG positivity, and clinical pregnancy. The live birth rate in the group with leukocytospermia (+) was lower than the group with leukocytospermia (-) (5.7% vs. 23.7%, respectively, p ˂ 0.05). While β-hCG positivity and clinical pregnancy were not different between groups in patients receiving CC-IUI treatment (p˃0.05), the live birth rate in the leukocytospermia (-) group was higher than the group with leukocytospermia (+) (p = 0.037). In patients who received KOH-IUI treatment, β-hCG positivity, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate were found to be higher in the group with leukocytospermia (-) than the group with leukocytospermia (+) (respectively, p = 0.016, p = 0.004, p = 0.002).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic leukocytospermia affects clinical pregnancy and live birth rates in patients who underwent ovulation induction due to unexplained infertility.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Akut kolesistit yaygýn bir cerrahi acildir. Cerrahi tedavi kesin çözüm olmasýna raðmen, ciddi komorbiditesi olan veya yüksek cerrahi riski olan yaþlý hastalarda, perkütan kolesistostomi iþlemi enfekte safra kesesinin dekompresyonu için etkili ve güvenlidir. Bu çalýþmada, yaþlý veya yüksek riskli cerrahi hastalarda perkütan kolesistostomi (PK) sonuçlarýmýzý deðerlendirmeyi amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmaya Þubat 2017 ile Aralýk 2019 tarihleri arasýnda ciddi komorbidite ve yüksek cerrahi risk nedeniyle perkütan kolesistostomi uygulanan, 65 yaþ üstü 41 Akut Kolesistit tanýlý hasta dahil edildi.
BULGULAR: Kýrkbir hastanýn 22'si (% 53,66) erkek, 19'u (% 46,34) kadýndý. Ortanca yaþ 76.44 ± 8.46 (65-93 aralýðýnda) idi. En sýk eþlik eden hastalýklar kardiyovasküler hastalýklar (%73.17) ve diabetes mellitus (%51.22) idi ve hastalarýn % 43.90'ýnda multisistem hastalýðý vardý. PK iþlemi için ya transhepatik yada transperitoneal yol kullanýldý. PK iþlemine baðlý herhangi bir komplikasyon veya mortalite gözlenmedi. Ortalama kateter kalma süresi 5 (0-12 arasý) haftaydý. Sekiz hastaya iþlemden 4-6 hafta sonra cerrahi uygulandý. Yedi hasta takip ve tedavi edildikleri yoðun bakým ünitesinde diðer nedenlerden ex oldu. Ortalama hastanede kalýþ süresi 7.20 ± 6.31 (1-30) gündü.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Perkütan Kolesistostomi'nin medikal tedaviye yanýt vermeyen ve yüksek cerrahi riski olan yaþlý hastalarda Akut Kolesistitin tedavisinde güvenle kullanýlabilecek ucuz, uygulamasý kolay alternatif bir tedavi yöntemi olduðunu düþünmekteyiz.

INTRODUCTION: Acute cholecystitis (AC) is a common surgical emergency. Although surgery is a definite solution, (PC) is effective and safe for the decompression of an infected gallbladder in elderly patients with severe comorbidity or high surgical risk. This study aimed to evaluate the results of percutaneous cholecystostomy PC in elderly or high-risk surgical patients.
METHODS: A total of 41 patients with AC aged over 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of III or IV and high surgical risk that had undergone a PC due to comorbidity between February 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study.
RESULTS: Of the 41 patients, 22 (53.66%) were male, and 19 (46.34%) were female. The median age was 76.44 ± 8.46 (range 65–93). The most common comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases (73.17%) and diabetes mellitus (51.22%), and 43.90% of the patients had a multisystem disease. Either the transhepatic or transperitoneal route was used for the PC. No complications or mortality related to the PC procedure were observed. The average time of tube indwelling was 5 (range 0–12) weeks. Surgery was performed on eight patients 4–6 weeks after the procedure. Seven patients (17.1%) died in the intensive care unit after PC. The mean hospitalization time was 7.20 ± 6.31 (range 1–30) days.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study found that PC is an inexpensive, easy-to-apply alternative treatment method that can be safely used in the treatment of elderly patients with AC who do not respond to medical therapy and have high surgical risk.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Ciddi aort darlýðý olan semptomatik hastalar cerrahi olarak tedavi edilmelidirler. Ýleri yaþ ve komorbiditeler sebebi ile hastalarýn %30’u tedavi edilememektedir. Bu amaçla transkateter aort kapak replasmaný (TAVR) geliþtirilmiþtir. Çalýþmamýzýn amacý TAVR yapýlan hastalarýn gerçek yaþam sonuçlarýný yayýnlamaktýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: TAVR iþlemi yapýlan 136 hasta retrospektif incelenmiþtir. Primer sonlaným noktasý perioperatif mortalite (POM), sekonder sonlanýmlar postoperatif 6 ay içerisinde geliþen major adverse serebrovasküler ve kardiyovasküler olaylar (MASKO) ve postoperatif kalýcý kalp pili (KKP) ihtiyacý olarak belirlenmiþtir.
BULGULAR: POM geliþen hastalarda KKP, entübasyon ve kan transfüzyonu daha fazla, postoperatif hemoglobin daha düþük, postoperatif BUN, lökosit ve 48. saat kreatinin daha yüksek bulunmuþtur. KKP ihtiyacý kadýnlarda ve iþlem sonrasýnda sol dal bloðu geliþen hastalarda daha fazla olmuþtur. MASKO geliþen hastalarda kronik obstrüktif akciðer hastalýðý, entübasyon ve transfüzyon ihtiyacý daha fazla, preoperatif CRP ile postoperatif CRP ve lökosit daha yüksek bulunmuþtur.
POM’ nin baðýmsýz risk faktörleri iþlem sonrasýnda transfüzyon ve KKP ihtiyacý geliþmesi, MASKO risk faktörleri entübasyon ve transfüzyon ihtiyacý olmasý, KKP için risk faktörü kadýn cinsiyet olmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Transkateter aort kapak replasmaný yüksek cerrahi risk nedeni ile operasyon yapýlamayan hastalarda düþük mortalite oraný ile uygun bir tedavi seçeneðidir.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with severe aortic stenosis and symptomatic should be treated surgically. Because of advanced age and comorbidities, 30% of patients cannot be treated. For this purpose transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure has been developed. The purpose of our study is to analyze real life results of patients who underwent TAVR.
METHODS: 136 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Primary endpoint was perioperative mortality (POM), secondary endpoints were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), developed during the 6-month post-procedure period and permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirement in postoperative period.
RESULTS: In patients, developed POM; PPM, transfusion and intubation requirements were higher, postoperative hemoglobin was lower, postoperative BUN, leukocyte and 48th hour creatinine were higher. PPM requirement was higher in women and patients with left bundle branch block on ECG after procedure. In patients who developed MACCE, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intubation and transfusion requirement, preoperative CRP and postoperative CRP and leukocyte were higher.
In multivariate regression analyzes, independent risk factors of POM were transfusion and PPM requirement, MACCE risk factors were intubation and transfusion requirement, and PPM risk factor was female gender.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: TAVR is an appropriate treatment option with low mortality risk in patients who cannot be operated due to high surgical risk.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Uyku bruksizmi çocukluk döneminde sýk gözlenmekle birlikte çok farklý faktörlerin bir araya gelmesiyle ortaya çýkmaktadýr ve yaþ ilerledikçe sýklýðý azalmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý uyku bruksizmini etkileyen parafonksiyonel alýþkanlýklar, uyku alýþkanlýklarý, ailesel ve çevresel faktörlerin ve çocuklarýn anksiyete düzeylerinin uyku bruksizmi üzerindeki etkisinin deðerlendirilmesidir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmaya, 6-11 yaþ aralýðýnda bruksizmi olan 38 ve bruksizmi olmayan 38 olmak üzere toplam 76 çocuk alýnmýþtýr. Annelere Çocukluk Çaðý Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeði (ÇATÖ) verilmiþ ve annelerden, çocuklarýn parafonksiyonel alýþkanlýklarýný ve ailesel hikayeyi içeren bruksizm için ayrýntýlý hasta hikayesi alýnmýþtýr
BULGULAR: Öðrenme, davranýþ veya aþýrý sinirlilik problemi olan çocuklarda (p=0,001) ve son dönemde strese neden olabilecek bir olay yaþayan çocuklarda (p=0,001) bruksizm daha sýk gözlendi. Bruksizmi olan ve olmayan çocuklar arasýnda, anksiyete tarama ölçeði olarak kullanýlan ÇATÖ alt ölçeklerinden; somatik panik (p=0,413), yaygýn anksiyete bozukluðu (p=0,616), ayrýlýk anksiyetesi (p=0,637), sosyal anksiyete (p=0,614), okul korkusu (p=0,582) ve ÇATÖ toplam puanlarýnda (p=0.617) istatistiksel olarak anlamlý farklýlýk bulunmamýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çocuðun anne tarafýndan beyan edilen anksiyete durumu ile bruksizm arasýnda bir iliþki bulunamamýþtýr, ancak strese neden olan bir olaya maruz kalma ve çocuklarda ortaya çýkan öðrenme problemleri, davranýþ problemleri ve aþýrý sinirlilik durumlarýnýn bruksizmin ortaya çýkmasýnda etkili olduðu gösterilmiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: Sleep bruxism is frequently observed in childhood and it occurs with the combination of many different factors and its frequency decreases with the age. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of parafunctional habits, sleep habits, familial and environmental factors and children's anxiety levels on sleep bruxism.

METHODS: A total of 76 children aged 6-11 years, 38 with bruxism and 38 without bruxism were included in the study. Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED) form was given to the mothers, and detailed patient history for bruxism, including the parafunctional habits of the children and family history, was taken from the mothers
RESULTS: Bruxism was observed more frequently in children with learning, behavioral or anger problems (p = 0.001) and in children who experienced a recent stressful event (p = 0.001). Among the SCARED subscales used as an anxiety screening scale among children with and without bruxism; Somatic panic (p = 0.413), general anxiety (p = 0.616), separation anxiety (p = 0.637), social anxiety (p = 0.614), school fear (p = 0.582), and SCARED total scores (p = 0.617). There was no significant difference.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: A relationship between the anxiety level of the child declared by the mother and bruxism was not found, but it was shown that exposure to an event causing stress and learning, behavioral or anger problems in children were effective in the emergence of bruxism.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Teknoloji ve saðlýk uygulamalarýný bir araya getirerek oluþturulan dijital saðlýk denilen yeni bir alan oluþmuþtur. Bu alanda mobil saðlýk(m-saðlýk) yöntemlerinin önemli bir yeri bulunmaktadýr. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, bir üniversite hastanesi psikiyatri polikliniðine baþvuran kiþilerde internet ve cep(akýllý) telefonu kullaným sýklýðý ile bu kiþilerin kendi saðlýk yönetimlerinde ve gelecekte yapýlacak bilimsel araþtýrmalarda dijital ortamlarýn kullanýlmasýna dair yaklaþýmý hakkýnda bilgi edinmektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmaya Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hastanesi Psikiyatri polikliniðine Mayýs-Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasýnda baþvuran 300 kiþi alýnmýþtýr.Çalýþmaya katýlmak istemeyen ve 18 yaþýndan küçük kiþiler çalýþmaya alýnmamýþtýr.Çalýþmaya katýlanlardan araþtýrmacýlarýn hazýrladýðý kaðýt-kalem formunda anket doldurmalarý istenmiþtir.Anket, sosyodemografik bilgilerle birlikte araþtýrmanýn hedeflerine uygun hazýrlanmýþ 18 soru içermektedir.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmamýzda katýlýmcýlarýn internete girme oraný %93.33, cep telefonu sahip olma oraný %93 ve akýllý telefona sahip olma oraný %91.4 olarak bulunmuþtur.Katýlýmcýlarýn saðlýkla ilgili aplikasyon indirme oraný %35.69, telefonundan hastalýðý ve/veya saðlýðýyla ilgili konularda bilgi almak isteyen katýlýmcýlarýn oraný ise %79.7 olarak saptanmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Psikiyatri polikliniðine baþvuran kiþilerde akýllý telefon ve internet kullanma oranlarý yüksektir.Özellikle genç ve/veya eðitimli katýlýmcýlar baþta olmak üzere dijital teknolojiler, saðlýk alanýnda geniþ bir yelpazede kullanýlabilir.

INTRODUCTION: A new field called digital health has been created by combining technology and health practices. In Digital Health, mobile health(m-health) methods have an important place. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the frequency of internet and mobile phone usage among people who apply to university hospital psychiatry outpatient clinic and their approach to the use of digital media in their own health management and in future scientific research.
METHODS: 300 people who have applied to the Akdeniz University Psychiatry outpatient clinic between May and July 2020 were included in the study. Individuals younger than 18 years old and persons who did not want to participate in the study were excluded. Participants in the study were asked to fill out a questionnaire in a pen-and-paper form prepared by the researchers. The questionnaire includes 18 questions prepared in accordance with the aims of the research together with the sociodemographic information.
RESULTS: In this study, the rate of internet usage was found to be 93.33%. Moreover, 93% of the participants have found to be owning a mobile phone. Whereas, 91.4% of the participants have found to be owning a smartphone. Only 35.69% of the participants have downloaded a phone application related to health. Also, 79.7% of the participants use phones to acquire information on their illness and/or health.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: People who apply to psychiatry clinics have high rates of smartphone and internet usage. Digital technologies can be used in a wide range of healthcare departments, especially for young and/or educated participants.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Gebe bilgilendirme sýnýfý eðitimi alan ve almayan gebelerin doðum þeklini ve gebe bilgilendirme sýnýfýnýn doðum þekline etkisini belirlemek.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Araþtýrmamýzda, Ocak 2018 ve Haziran 2020 yýllarý arasýnda Demirci Ýlçesi Gebe Bilgilendirme Sýnýfý eðitimi almýþ olan 145 gebe ile gebe bilgilendirme sýnýfý eðitimi almamýþ 235 gebenin bilgileri retrospektif olarak tarandý.
BULGULAR: Gebe Bilgilendirme Sýnýfýnda eðitim almýþ olan 145 gebenin yaþ ortalamasýnýn 28,99±5,39, eðitim almamýþ 235 gebenin yaþ ortalamasýnýn 27,81±4,36 olduðu saptandý.
Araþtýrmamýzda, gebelerin doðum þekli incelendiðinde, eðitim almýþ olan grupta bulunan gebelerin %60’ýnýn, eðitim almamýþ olan grupta bulunan gebelerin %41,7’sinin normal doðum yaptýðý saptandý. Her iki grup arasýnda ki-kare analizi sonucu istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark olduðu bulundu (p<0,05).
Araþtýrmadaki gebelerden nullipar olanlar incelendiðinde, eðitim almýþ olan grupta bulunan gebelerin %39,5’inin sezaryen olduðu, eðitim almamýþ olan grupta bulunan gebelerin %58,9’unun sezaryen olduðu saptandý. Her iki grup arasýnda yapýlan t testi sonucunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý bir fark olduðu bulundu (p<0,05).

TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Araþtýrmamýzda; gebe bilgilendirme sýnýfý eðitimini tamamlamýþ gebelerin yüksek oranlarda normal doðum yaptýklarý ve eðitimin sezaryen oranlarýný düþürdüðünü söylemek mümkündür.

INTRODUCTION: To detect the type of delivery of pregnant women rather attending or not attending antenatal class education and to determine the effect of antenatal class education on type of birth.
METHODS: In our research, 145 participants of antenatal education class and 235 non-participants were searched retrospectively between January 2018 and June 2020.
RESULTS: The mean age of 145 antenatal education participants and 235 non-participants were found 28,99±5,39 and 27,81±4,36 respectively.
In the research, while antenatally educated group delivered 60%vaginally, non-educated group gave birth 41,7% vaginally. There was a statistical difference between two groups by chi-square analysis(p<0.05).
When nulliparous research population was studied, C-Section ratio was found 39,5% in educated group and 58,9% in non-educated group. There was a statistical difference between two groups by t-test (p<0.05).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: According to our search results, pregnant women attending antenatal education class had high rates of normal vaginal births also it is true to say that C-Section ratios can be lowered by antenatal education.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada, hastaneye yatýþta Toraks Bilgisayarlý Tomografide (BT) COVID-19 pnömonisine ait parankimal bulgularýn C reaktif protein (CRP) ile iliþkisini araþtýrmayý amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: 1 Nisan-30 Mayýs 2020 tarihleri arasýnda akciðer tomografisinde akciðer bulgularý saptanan ve hastaneye baþvuran ardýþýk 192 COVID-19 hastasý çalýþmaya dahil edildi. COVID-19 pulmoner bulgularý baþvuru Toraks BT ile deðerlendirildi
BULGULAR: 192 hastanýn ortanca yaþý 44 (31-59) yýl olup, bunlarýn %46,8'i (90) kadýndý. Medyan CRP deðeri 15.2mg/L (2.0-55) olarak bulundu. Hastalarýn Toraks BT bulgularý þöyleydi: %69.2 (133) buzlu cam opaklýðý, %33.8 (65) konsolidasyon, %6.2 (12) ters halo, %11.9 (23) çýlgýn kaldýrým, %20.8 ( 40) ayrýk nodül, %5.7 (11) pulmoner vasküler geniþleme, %3.6 (7) bronþektazi ve %17.1 (33) fibrozis ile. Nodül prezentasyonu olan hastalarda ortalama CRP 42,8±59,1 nodül prezentasyonu olmayan hastalarda ise 34,7±53,2 bulundu. CRP ile ilgili baðýmsýz öngörücüleri belirlemek için; Yukarýda açýklanan göðüs BT parametreleri lineer regresyonda deðerlendirildi. Göðüs BT'sinde nodül varlýðý (-26.1CI %95; (-49.0,-3.1), p = 0.026), BSTI-CT skoru (20,6, CI %95; 7.6, 33.6, p) arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý iliþki saptandý. = 0,002) ve CRP deðerleri.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýzda, hastaneye baþvuran semptomatik COVID-19 hastalarýnda nodül gibi atipik bulgularý olan hastalarýn Toraks BT'sinde tipik bulgularý olanlara göre CRP düzeylerinin daha düþük olduðunu bulduk.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the parenchymal findings of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest Coumputed Tomography (CT) and C reactive protein (CRP) at hospital admission.
METHODS: 192 consecutive COVID-19 patients with pulmonary findings on chest CT, who were admitted to the hospital between 1st April to 30th May 2020, were included in the study. COVID-19 pulmonary findings were evaluated in admission chest CT
RESULTS: Median age of 192 patients was 44 (31-59) years and 46.8% (90) of them were female. Median CRP value was found to be 15.2mg/L (2.0-55). Chest CT findigs of the patients were as follows: 69.2% (133) with ground glass opacity, 33.8% (65) with consolidation, 6.2% (12) with reversed halo, 11.9% (23) with crazy-paving, 20.8% (40) with discrete nodula, 5.7% (11) with pulmonary vascular enlargement, 3.6% (7) with bronchiectasis and 17.1% (33) with fibrosis. The mean CRP was found to be 42.8±59.1 in patients with nodule presentation and 34.7±53.2 in patients without nodule presentation. In order to determine independent predictors related to CRP; chest CT parameters described above were assessed in the linear regression. Association with statisticaly significance were determined between the presence of nodule on chest CT (-26.1CI 95%; (-49.0,-3.1), p = 0.026), BSTI-CT score (20.6, CI 95%; 7.6, 33.6, p= 0.002) and CRP values.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that patients with atypical findings as nodules had lower CRP levels than those with typical findings on chest CT in symptomatic COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Membranöz nefropati (MN) yetiþkinlerde nefrotik sendromun (NS) en yaygýn nedenidir.Çalýþmamýzda MN’li hastalarda 1. yýl sonunda remisyonu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemeyi amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Retrospektif çalýþmamýz, 2015-2018 yýllarý arasýnda MN tanýsý almýþ, 18 yaþ üstü hastalar üzerinde gerçekleþtirildi. Hastalara ait tüm veriler hastanemiz medikal kayýtlarýndan elde edildi. MN hastalarýn baþlangýç, 6., 12. ay laboratuvar deðerleri (serum albümin, proteinüri, eGFR) ve 12. ay sonunda tedavi yanýt durumu deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmamýzda ortalama yaþý 42.2±12.5 olan 24(%55.8)’u kadýn 43 MN’li hasta üzerinde gerçekleþtirildi. Hastalar 12 aylýk tedavi süresinin sonunda remisyona giren (22, %51.2) ve girmeyen (21, %48.8) olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrýldý. Remisyon grubunda kadýn cinsiyet daha fazla (p = 0,022), diyastolik kan basýncý daha düþük (p=0,025), mikofenolat kullanýmý daha az (p=0,019), serum kreatinin daha düþük (p<0,001), eGFR daha yüksek (p=0,008), LDL (p=0,039), HDL (p=0,035), eritrosit sedimantasyon hýzý (ESR) (p=0,012) ve CRP (p=0,016) düzeyleri daha yüksek saptandý. Tedavi yanýtý deðerlendirildiðinde proteinüri 6. (p<0.001) ve 12. ayda (p<0.001), serum albumini ise 12. ayda (p<0.001) remisyona giren grupta girmeyenlere göre daha düþük seviyede saptandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Taný anýnda erkek cinsiyet, eGFR, diyastolik kan basýncý, LDL, HDL, ESR ve CRP, MN hastalarýnda birinci yýlýn sonunda remisyonu etkileyen faktörler olarak saptandý. Proteinüri, eGFR ve serum albümine göre tedaviye yanýtýn daha erken bir göstergesi olduðunu söyleyebiliriz.

INTRODUCTION: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults. In our study, we aimed to determine the factors affecting remission in patients with MN at the end of the first year
METHODS: Our retrospective study was performed on patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with MN between 2015-2018. In MN patients, baseline, 6th, 12th-month laboratory values (serum albumin, proteinuria, eGFR) and treatment response at the end of the 12th month was evaluated.
RESULTS: Forty-three MN patients (24 (55.8%) women) with a mean age of 42.2±12.5 were evaluated. MN patients were divided into two groups at the end of the 12-month treatment period, remission and non-remission. In the remission group, female gender was higher (p=0.022), diastolic blood pressure was lower (p=0.025), mycophenolate use was less (p=0.019), serum creatinine was lower (p<0.001), eGFR was higher (p=0.008), LDL (p=0.039), HDL (p=0.035), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (p=0.012) and CRP (p=0.016) levels were higher. In patients in remission, proteinuria was found at a lower level at sixth (p<0.001) and 12th months (p <0.001), and serum albumin at 12th months (p <0.001) compared to non-remission patients.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: At the time of diagnosis, the male gender, eGFR, diastolic blood pressure, LDL, HDL, ESR, and CRP are factors that can affect remission at the end of the first year in MN patients. We can say that proteinuria is an early indicator of response to treatment than eGFR and serum albumin.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada ‘Sýçramadan Sonra Yere Ýniþ Hata Puanlama Sistemi’nin (SSYÝ-HPS) Türkçeye uyarlanmasý amaçlanmaktadýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmada Darin Padua ve ark. tarafýndan geliþtirilmiþ olan SSYÝ-HPS, 6 araþtýrmacý tarafýndan ayrý ayrý Türkçeye çevrilmiþtir. Ardýndan çeviriler bir toplantýda konsensüs içerisinde tek bir “araç” haline getirilmiþtir. Aracýn anlaþýlýrlýðýný saðlamak için 3 kez uzman görüþü alýnmýþtýr. Alýnan geribildirimler ile aracýn son hali oluþturulmuþtur. Türkçe aracýn kapsam geçerliði saðlandýktan sonra güvenirliðini deðerlendirmek için 9 katýlýmcýya pilot sýçrama testleri yapýlmýþtýr. Pilot sýçrama testlerinin analizleri hem sporcu saðlýðý konusunda uzman olan hem de olmayan puanlayýcýlarca gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Ardýndan farklý 45 katýlýmcýya daha sýçrama testleri yapýlmýþ ve bu testler sporcu saðlýðý konusunda uzman olan iki puanlayýcý tarafýndan analiz edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Türkçe araç, üçüncü versiyonunda kapsam geçerliðini saðlamýþtýr. Aracýn (araç v.3) I-CVI deðeri en düþük 0,78 ve en yüksek 0,97; S-CVI deðeri en düþük 0,80 ve en yüksek 1,00; SCI/Ave deðeri 0,88 bulunmuþtur. Pilot çalýþmaya katýlan tüm puanlayýcýlarýn puanlayýcý içi (0,81-0,92) ve puanlayýcýlar arasý (0,94-0,96) güvenirlik düzeyi mükemmel bulunmuþtur. Pilot analizlerden sonra 45 farklý katýlýmcýnýn sadece sporcu saðlýðý konusunda uzman araþtýrmacýlar tarafýndan yapýlan deðerlendirmesinde de puanlayýcý içi (0,82-0,83) ve puanlayýcýlar arasý (0,89) güvenirlik düzeyi mükemmel bulunmuþtur.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: SSYÝ-HPS Türkçe uyarlamasý, spor ve sporcu saðlýðý ile ilgilenen profesyonellerce kullanýlabilecek bir araçtýr.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it is aimed to adapt the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) to Turkish.
METHODS: LESS, developed by Darin Padua et al., was translated into Turkish separately by 6 researchers. Then, the translations were converted into a single "tool” in a consensus at a meeting. Expert opinion was taken 3 times to ensure the comprehensibility of the tool. The final version of the tool was created with the feedback received. After the content validity of the Turkish version was provided, pilot jump tests were performed on 9 participants to evaluate the reliability. The pilot jump tests were analyzed by both domain expert and non-domain expert raters. Afterwards, another 45 participants performed jump tests and these tests were analyzed by two raters who are experts in the domain.
RESULTS: The Turkish version provided scope validity in its third version. The tool's (v.3) I-CVI value was 0.78 minimum and 0.97 maximum; the lowest S-CVI value was 0.80 and the highest was 1.00; SCI / Ave value was found 0.88. The reliability level of all raters’ intra-rater (0.81-0.92) and inter-rater (0.94-0.96) participating in the pilot study was found excellent. After the pilot analysis, the reliability level of intra-rater (0.82-0.83) and inter-rater (0.89) was found excellent in the evaluation made by only domain experts from 45 different participants.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Turkish version of LESS is a tool that can be used by professionals interested in sports and athlete's health.

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GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, kalça artroskopisi operasyonun farklý evrelerinde karýn içi basýnç ile ayak baþ parmaðý perfüzyon basýncý ve satürasyon düzeyi parametreleri arasýndaki korelasyonu irdelemektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Femoroasetabular sýkýþma tanýsýyla kalça artroskopisi yapýlan 8 hasta çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Karýn içi basýnç, ayak baþ parmaðý perfüzyon basýncý, satürasyon indeksi, ayak sýcaklýðý, vücut sýcaklýðý, kan basýncý, kalp hýzý, operasyon süresi, traksiyon mesafeleri gibi parametreler sýrasýyla ameliyat baþlangýcýnda (AB), traksiyon uygulamasý baþlangýcýnda (TB), traksiyon uygulamasýnýn sonlandýðý anda (TSON), traksiyon serbestlendiðinde (TS), kalça fleksiyona alýndýðýnda (Flex), kalça ekstansiyona alýndýðýnda (Ext) ve ameliyat sonunda (AS) deðerlendirildi.

BULGULAR: Ameliyat süresi AS perfüzyon ile ters korelasyon gösterdi (r: -0.729, p = 0.04). TSON karýn içi basýnç ile TSON satürasyon negatif korelasyon gösterdi (r: -0.84, p = 0.009). TB karýn-içi basýnç, TB vücut-sýcaklýðý ile pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (r: 0.85, p = 0.007). Traksiyon sonunda intraabdominal basýnç, operasyon baþlangýcý deðerden daha düþük ölçüldü (p = 0.02). Traksiyon sonu ayak perfüzyonu ve satürasyon seviyeleri operasyon baþlangýcýna kýyasla daha düþük ölçüldü (p = 0.001 ve p = 0.002, sýrasýyla).

TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Kalça artroskopisi sýrasýnda uygulanan traksiyonun karýn içi basýcý, ayak perfüzyon basýncý ve satürasyon deðerlerinde düþüþe sebebiyet verdiði sonucuna ulaþýlmýþtýr. Ameliyat süresi ile ayak perfüzyon basýncýnýn negatif korelasyon gösterdiði tespit edilmiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between intra-abdominal pressure and great toe perfusion pressure and saturation level at different stages of the hip arthroscopy surgery.
METHODS: Eight patients whom were elected to undergo hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement were included in the study. Intra-abdominal pressure, great toe perfusion pressure, saturation, foot temperature, body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, operation time, mean traction time were measured at the beginning of surgery (BS), beginning of traction (BT), end of the traction (ET), after releasing of the traction (RT), at hip flexion position(Flex), at hip extension position (Ext) and end of the surgery (End).
RESULTS: The operation time was negatively correlated with End perfusion(r: -0.729, p=0.04). ET Intraabdpress was negatively correlated with ETSaturation (r: -0.84,p=0.009). BT Intraabd press was positively correlated with BT body temp (r: 0.85, p=0.007). Intra-abdominal pressure at the end of traction was lower than that at the beginning of operation (p=0.02). Foot perfusion and saturation level at the end of traction was lower than that at the beginning of the operation (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, traction during hip arthroscopy decreases intra-abdominal pressure, foot perfusion pressures and saturation. The operation time negatively correlated with foot perfusion pressure.

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